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COLLECTION OF PURITAN AND ENGLISH THEOLOGICAL LITERATURE
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LIBRARY OF THE THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY -ZD<—X^ PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY
K
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siSocw
I S T O
Of the
REFORMATION
OF THE
CHURCH SCOTLAN
Qontainingfiye ^ooJ^s : "
^m Together with ibme T"^ SATIS E S conducing P» ^^ to the FJiftory. ^^^
Pubhflied by Authority.
%^|P^ J E R E M. 5. I.
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for "ifccM do nothing againji the Trstth, but for the Truth.
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To the Reader.
Chriftian Reader,
Ere I prefmt unto thee a Piece, idare promlfe^ worth*; of thy read- ing •, wherein thcu hafi a true and plain Relation ( nvthotit difgui- fwg ) of many memorable Pa([ages happened in the Church of God , ^ and likewijefomc notable ones in the State of the Kingdom of Scot- ^§' hndjfrom the very frjl fctlingof State and Church m thatCoun-
^^^^'Siy^'
irey. But namely , and chiefly, thou hafl here related what princi- pally paffed in church and State in this our Countrey ^ during the great Work of ptrging the Church from the Super fiitions and Idolatry , and freeing heth Church and State from the Tyranny and Slavery of Popery , untillthe coming of King James, our late Soveraign, to the Crorvn of Scotland . Farther, be fide the true dnd faithfull Relation of many Occurrences that fell out inthefe dajes in Scot- land, thou hajl unfolded unto thee, and made plain ^ the (trong Reafons^andnscef- fery Caufes that moved t he fe men who are here named ^although infirm and weaken in themfelves, to undergo the great Work of Reformation : With the folid Grounds upon which they went en with this weighty Bufineffe willingly and cheerfully , not^ Vfithfianding the great rubs artd difficulties they met wit hall , thr$!igh the help and af I fiance of God , who by them^ mean Instruments^ brought things topajje^ in de- jpight of the malice and firatagems of S^than^ with his agents, for the good of his People, andthefetling of his Church in Purity and Liberty.
C/ill thefe things are fet down plainly and fimply , in familiar and homely Lan^ guage-^Tetfo, that they may be with eafe apprehended and under (lood by any one. From what thou halt here , written in this Volume , although there were no other Writings in this kinde extant , thou mayeft fee eafily ^ by what means the great CMyJlery of Iniquity, from the very fir fi Rife, hath be en fet afoot, andconfiantlj, ever ft nee, hath been carried on •, to wit , By cunning Devices, i>np:dent Lyes, continued and crafty Plots , under jj>eciotu Pretexts, and open Oppref on, Tyran- ny, and Cruelties, within Scotland, till the jeer of Christ j 567. ylfier which \time, the enemies of Cod, and of his People , have not been (leeptng , till this pre- "^ fent , more then formerly . Wherefore, for thy good, Chriftian Reader, / have thought fit in this place to point at forne main Occurrences from that time till now.
Firfi then , the adverfi&ies of Truth and Good/iejje , under the fpeciota Pre- text of rrfioring ^cen Mary to her Liberty ^ and of re-efablifhing her in full .Authority , and fole Power , did difqHtet and trouble both Church and State i» \Scotland, both with open Force^ and fubtill Plots, for feme yeers, ih.it is , to the \ 573 yeer^ But finding that all their Undertakings , under thii pretext, proved t» be in vaio, and without fuccejje, and /landing to their main Deftgne of undoin'?
To the Reader.
Eeligiofi and Liberty , they bethought themfehes of another way , in appearance moreflmjihle^ for cofPpafing their wicked Intents ^ it whs , To deal ^ by way of entreaty and rcquefl , with the chief Mimflers of State and Church then , To have the Mother jet at liberty^ and to he joynt in Amherity and Power with her Son. And , for the obtaining of this , wai emfkjed the credit of the French Court for the time , with all its skill and cunning ; but to fmallptrpofe : For thefe rude fellows ^who managed the piihlike Affair s then of State amChurch^ could not be corrupted with the French Complements . In this way the enemies continued^ till theycer 1577 , and did not then give ever , notwithjlandin^ their badfuccelfc - httt^ according to their wonted andrefohedcuflome , they went en with their De- figr)e, betaking themfehes to a new conrfe z, wherein, thfy had indeed mere fticce(fs then in either of the former two 1: It was this -^ They did ft awork certain men y who with fair words, apdjlattering tales ^ fo craftily dealt with the young King, ' hardly yet twelve yeers of age ^ that they made him caji off", as a yoke ^ the coun fell andferviceofthofe, whomever fince his Birth-day , had carefully lahoured far the good of State and church., rvith thepcrcfervation of his (^Authority ^ and fafcty of his Per fen : And fothe inconfideratc young King , although of most tii?nblc wit and knowing., above hisyeers, under thefDiw of freedom , put himfelf in the towerofthofewhowifhednogoodto his Per fon and Authority , and as little to the church and State , making no fcruple to trouble both for their own ends , according to the InflruBions of the Maflers who fet them awork. So, in veryjhort time, they gave unto the young King fuch imprepens ( which did flick toe much to him) that notenely he became averfe from thofe who had been foufefttll to thepublike^ and fofervic cable to him^ but alfo hefuffertdthem to be perfecuted^yea,fome by deathy and others hy banifliment.
while the enemies were thut working hufmeffe withu-s in Scotland, they were not idle with our neighbours in England ; for they wire contriving and plotting^ under colour of fetting the imprifoned j^een at liberty : And were gane fofaron in this way in both Kingdoms , that to flop the courfe and pregreffe of the enemies^ both Countries thought it neccffary to enter into a mutuaH League and Covenant one with another^ for the defence of the Reformed Religion^ and Liberties cf both Kingdoms , with theprefervation of the Pcrfons and Authorities of both Pnwff^j i\.'/>^ James W^ff» Elizabeth, againfl the common enemy. This foas done by the confent of both Princes, in the yeer jd^S;^ /^5 o
After this., the enemy feeing the warinejfe of both Kingdoms to be fuch, that in a j])ort time he was not likely to advance the main Defigne according to hi^ minde, 6y craft and cunning leaveth off for a time to afithepart of the Fox^ and openly de^ dares himfelf to be aravifbing Wolf : So theyecr 1588 the Armado cometh a^ gainji both Kmgdofns, which God^ in his meifcy unto our fathers and its, brought to . nought. About this time, and fome ycers before, the agents of the enemy were veri hufte with King James to break with Englandjvrwiro revenge the hard uf age, ana ill treatment of his Mother : Put God did direEi him_ fo, for his own good , that' he • did give no confent to their evil counfell. Upon this refitfallcf the Kings, the agents ef the common enemy do beflir themfelves to troitble both King and Kingdom 5 which . they did in a high meafure, in the yeer 1595. This gave eccafion then both to Prince and people to enter into Covenant for the defence of the Truths an^pure Docfrineef the church, with the Reformed Difcipline^ and ef thefafety of the King and King- dom 5 by which means^ the proceedings ef the enemies w:is flopped for a while.
' To the Reader.
>i
New the time drawing n:er ef the Kings coming to the Cr<jn'/;»(j/ England, the tvitching enemy returns to rverk again, in another manner thin he h.td clo/ie hi- therto •, which was this : By the niettths of fome timer em and worldly men , Ije r eaufethtt prefent unto the King the confidcration of great diffictdties that he rvjt • likely to f»de , tnhis facceedingto the Crown of England , h two parties there, who rveregi'ven out to he the Strength of the Kingdom - to wit, theprofcfi Papifts, and the Prclaticall men •, therefore, to facilitate the ^ttfimifc, they miift be in fome ' fort contented. For she fatisfaBion of the Prelates , the King^ by dc7rccs, mitsi endeavour to britig again into Scot\2V\d Prelacy^ iviih all its dependences -^ for nt neglecler or contemner of the holy Order could Be kindclyreccit'ed to reignetn England : and fo this part of the advice was followed with all pofible care and diligence. Ts content the PapiBs, they mt one ly mufF have given mno them nn- der-hand hopes of connivence^ and over feeing their praclice • but alfo thtremtifi he a Letter written to the Pope^ toafjtire hisHoline^e of the Kings affcBion to the ^Cathdike Caufe. Thm both t he fe parties were calmed fo far , that the Km^r came tothe Crown of England, Anno idoi , without manifsHppofition. all.rit not without the grumbling and grudging $f fome. As for the (Iri&cr fort of Proff- fors of the Reformed Religion^ goi»g under the nick -name of Piiric.ins, no oppofifi- on'er trouble to the Succepon was feared from them, bcctnfe the Princifiles .npcn which they go on, rifin^ from the Word of God , are far ether thenthnfe of wtrld- lings, which flow from interefl, and cofifeqtiently , they needed not Atonement , or Propitiatory Sacrifice, to befriend the King. But the holy Father not fnding read performance by the King of what he looked for , remembers the King in ^^oodearn- eji of hispromije net kept ^ by the Gun-pewder Plot ^ Anno ^6o'f. yffcr which (by Gods mercy failing) men would have thought^ that the Poprfl) party flm-Jd leave off all undertakings hereafter. But they follow their bnftneffe more conflantlythen fo; for no fo oner one Plot fails ^ but incontinent thej put another afoot • yen, they have fevcrall Plots at one and the fame time in hand^ whereof it is likely th,U either one or other will take. Now this great Plot of theGun-psrvderbmg come to nothing, they, as it were, go back for a time , to come forward in due feafon with mother ^^and leaving for a while the open and devouring raviflnng of the Wolf^ they "^ have recourfe again to the cunning of the Fox.
The next care then , after the calming m fome meajure the f]>iritf of men , after fo hohida Treafon, is to look about, and to fiuJie by whom the afftirs of rhefe Domintons were managed : x^nd finding , by ferio'M infpeBion, That all affairs received great influence from the Court , after mature deliberation , they rcfolved to make friends there •, which they did, byfubtillinfmnations, fiir .words, hi'^h promifes, and fome reall performances of good Offices -^ yea^when money w.-is ahfs"-' lutely neccjfary , it was notjpared. Thus , by degrees , Living gotten friends at Court, in it they make a party next , for whofe fubftflence and incratfc , ihcy em- ploy all that they can. Now having power and credit at Court , more and clearly i perceiving it to be the foutrtain from whence all preferment to Honour and benefit in church and State did jiew , they judged it fit for their purpofe to make fureof feme yrime men both in Church and State, according to their minde ; which w.-ts done as they de fired. Thus having gained men chief in State and Church for their ufe, then they went to the corrupting of the Univerftties , being the Seminaries of all tiher all Education. This likewife they dideffeBuate -^firft, bj the Over-feers con- nivence to leofenejfe of life in young people 5 next, by the badexainplc of the Seniors
fhf
To the Reader.
the juniors were invited to do mi [chief. Then the Teachers , hy their bud inftnt- Bion^did corrupt, namely , irtlheologie^ail found Doffrine. And fer this furpofe, theearneft (ludie of the Old Teftrment inthe Originall Hebrew vooi cr-jed downe^ ^/ befeerning ratkr men of the Synagogue , then thofe of the Chrijliaff Schools. Liketvife the Greek of the Nerv Teflament muji not be read with diligence, for fear of Ipeyting the elegancy of the Greek Language , which is to be found in profane i^mhors. So tky withdrew the Students from the fudie of Scriptures in the ' Or gincdl^ ard recommended to them the reading of humme Writings^ particularly in Thcol<igie,the Books of the Ancients ^w huh are commonly called Fathers . Like- wife was recommended unto young mm the ftudie of the Sophistry of the CMenksy ofofl homas ar;d Scotus namely^ with their Expofitors. True it is , That if y ung men were well in(lru£ied inTheologie from the Scriptures , and taught the true Principles of Philofephie ^ in afetlcd courfe , by fame judicieas and diligent Prof (for ^ they might reade all t he je Books ^ and others in their kmde , with plea- fur e and bene ft. But alas^ young men not knowing the rudiments of Theologie^ nor the firfl Elements of Philofophie, are let loofe unto themfelves, aadfo by read' ing thefe Books , having no fur e ground to flick to , learn onely to doubt ^ and put ^eries^yea.of the very Principles of all found knowledge , both Divine and Hu- mane. Thm being brought to waver anddouk , they are eafily led^ what by inte- rest., what by weakneffe, to embrace a bad Opifiion •, or at leaf., to hold all uncertaitt, oi the ancient Sce^ticks, net being able to refolve : Jea^doubtingiscemeto that height y that^tntheepinionof many ^ heu the brave^ fellow , andrvittieft ., that can raife mojl ^leries, anfwer them who will or can : Andfo Wit is hugely cryed up, which is but meer froth ^ and poor folid Wircdom is notfo much as named y or thought en.
Then thofe of the richer fort^ having J^ent feme time idly andloofely at the Uni- vcrfitiesygo beyond Sea, particularly to lta.\y^ for footh, either upon their own truji., er, which is little better ^ if not worfc^many of thofe who go along with young men,tO advife and direEi thcm^ have as much need of one for thnr guide, as the young men themfelves i ha^oingneither flAidfieffe^difcretion, nor probity. So that if there were a just account cast up of all thefe who either have been bred in the Umverfities, or . gone beyond Sea thtfe many yeers, I will jjcak within compaffe , That of twenty yoit ' jiuill hardly finde one who is improved in vertue by this Breeding , for the good of the church and StatCy whereof they are members , and perhaps confder^le too , if they were wife and good. Atthisprefent both Church and State fndes thUto be true, by wo full experience., namely .^ in the Clergie^ Gentry, and Nobility.
Now thefe evils have not been in England alone , for Scotland, according to its proportion, in cempaffe of Bounds ., numbers of people, provifion of means, and in its di fiance from Courts hath its full [bare of all the evil : For first, the Schools of breeding young people at home were become very corrupt ; and many in their travelling abroad, have either mifcarr!ed,or little benefited themfelves : The fruit ^ we have found., namely, in our corrupt Clergie, yea, and in fome of our infatuated Gentry and Nobility : hat blefjed be God, things are now in & better pofure and co» ■ fiitutionthere., then they have been former If j God grant we may have ocafion t(f fiy the ike «/" England. For Religion , found knowledge, and true wifedome, with probity have been fo neglected and contemned there , to the ignominy and reproach ofchriflianity., that in thefe times, there we htvefeen the delefulleffeBs lef warn of Religion, and of thefe other vertms. But to return to the Court. •
The
To the Reader.
The P op! f}^ party , although they had both. power and credit at Court , yet thej voire not ajfured to go onfo fmoothly and ^eedily with the great D^figne , f& lon'r as there were anylof eminencj there, of whom they could not be certain : So Prince Htnxy was fir jlwifhed to be out of the way , next ^ by untimely death woi taken awa% to the grief of 7nan"j hone fi men. Thlf conceived Kcmoxdi being laidafide, they refolve to go on more (reel) in their Defigne. But although they had g.iined much upon the afe5iien of the King , yet they can f'tffer him to expreffe the No- tions of Religion and wifedom , both by word and writing : Tea, they willyeefd hiintofolUwfo far his former Principles^ a4 to match his daughter to one of his Frofefion : fo he marries the L^dy Eliz?.beth to the Prince Elector Palatine , although it was not altogether fo plea fmg to fome chief ones at Court then. Thefe things pa^ed] .in iheyeer i 6 1 3 . 7vhs,althou^h they would not fop the CMrrriafe to go on , yet they managed the hufineffe fo , that they hindered the Pri'ce Elecior Palatine to receive the advantages which in reafon hefiould have had by v:rtuc of it, as help and ayd at his need ^^q.
Here we mufl make a little flep beyond S ea , and prcfently return back. Now then, we mttft know , That as the Popijly party have been veiy hufie in ihefe our Do- minions .^ in carrying' on the Work of the great Defigne of fiibjecling all to the Pope^direBly, or indireclly -, foinother places , where idolatry and T'yramy had been cafi ojf, they have not been (Iceping nor idle , namely, in our neighbour Cou:-?- treys ; where, when they had made things up for a comktjlion of War ^ by the it- er aftyforecafling divifiom and corruptions in life andDocirine of mcnof place, they kindled the fire ; witnejje the bufinejje of Barnevel in the Low Countrcys^ in theyeer 1619. And not long thereafter , the troubles raifed in France againji the Profeffors of the Truth •, then ?'» Germany likewife , having all things ready for aWar, as they were thinking that the two Houfes of Saxe , to wit, the Weymerian, and the now Ele5forall , was rnofifit and cafe to be emhoyled, by rea - fen of the emulation of theWeymerianagainfttheother^ for the Elc^orall Dhr- nity, taken from it, and given to the other : But conveniently for their purpofe, the Elecior Palatine being made Kingof Bohemia , the qreat agent of the Pope, the Houfe of Au{\:na, takis occafion to make War again ft him , leaving the Houfe 0/ Saxe.e^f. Now to come home again.
King James by this time is turned about , and his afeclion fomuch cooled and turned from the Prote/lant party dijlreffed^ that for all help or ftipply to the Pro- tcfiants (J/^ France, he fends complements by EmUaffadours ^ with fair prorji:(es. And for his fon- in- Law , with other Protcflants his adhirents in Germany , he did little more; fo fenfeleffe is he of the fufcrings of Jacob , and tmnindifull of his own interejl , by fuffcring thofe in France and Germany to pi-rifl), who not onely d.dfo much honour him, but they being pre frrved, made him the mofi rcdouk- ed and confiderahle Prince in Chrijlendom. To fpeak nothing of his ty^ by naaire unto his own children. Then, ccntradiSling his own publiflied Dictates he m.'iji feek ttfter a Popijl) w:fefor his fen; and, tohaftenthe bufneffe , theyoun^ P fines mufi be fent into Sp-lin, where he had two men by whom he was then advifed ; who', although they did not love one another , yet they d/d agree amonir^ thern- felves, To betray their old Majfer , with their Cotmtrey , and their fun^ Mafler in their corfipany -^ whom they theucoun felled to embrace Popery , a4dby writo?'r engage him felf unto the Pope. This is upon Record. Jt lafi, the Prince cornet h heme without the wife , which w.is never really intended for him, Imvfosi
r
I thinzs
To the Reader.
things rveregi'ven cut^ Kohviihflanding all the pains of theyotmg Prince , and the earnefl felliattide of the Father^ with the cempliance of both, if it had not been for the h At red to the PaLttine Hoiife , and fear of its advancement to the Juccefion ef thofeDommions, the Prince ntver had feen this I (I wd again, but inaCVap, Tlowfoever , King James is glad to have his fon fafe returned : And at length, feeing clearly how he had been mi (led and gulled , bethinks himfclf how to amend his former mr (lakes anderrsurs •, but alas^ it was too late : for as he wasthtis con- fultingwith himfclf ^ death lakes him away , An. 1525:. notivithoutfujpitionof wron^ done unto htm . The new King must have a PopiP) wife ( according to the former intention) (he comet h from France, andbringeth ^rig with her, her ft range gods. The Prelats had a main hand in this PopiJ}) Match.,, by a^luall fur- therance thereof , and by opening the way how the free exercife of Popery might be had, in favour of the ^een and her adherents , without breach of the Law of the Land.
■ The fame ycer of the death of the late King , and of the Marriage of our new Sovereign, there was an Expedition made againft the Spaniard^ without any reall intention to do harm , as appears by the Jlack performance of the War , and by the f])amefull Peace made thereafter. The main drift of this undertaking was^firfty To try hew ready the people would be to endure Souldiers in the Countrey , which- they had notfeen for a long time , and how willing they would be to undergo a War, at the command of the corrupt Court , and uphold it with Supplies of men and moneys. Next , The'^e mtift be an Expedition againfi France, under pretext to help the then diftreffed Protejlants there ;, which really was intended for the ha- fiening of their ruine , and encreafe of their defelation : andfo it proved indeed^ although the main and chief undertaker was prevented^ by death ^ tofeetheejfe£i of his intents. The ether end of this undertaking was , To have Forces at com- mand^ both H or fe and Foot, by Land , and awell-providedNavieat Sea, for the en/laving of the people to fpirituall and temporall Bondage 5 which in all humane probability had not been d/ffcile to effeBuate then^ fuch was the J]}eeppijhftlline^e, andkmvifl} bafencfje of many men in thefe Dominions , of all ranks, conditions ^ '■ and ^rofef ions -^ as alfo theunpreparfdne(fe of the wifer and better Patriots and Members of the Church^to withjlandthis mifchief , if God in his mercy ., by the nnexpcBed death of the Court -ruler, and chief agent in the bufine[fe, had not put in a Remora and lett : At which time , // men had returned unto God, amending their lives in private, and had expreffed their true zeal then to the good of the church and Countrey whereof they are members , according to their fever all ranki and conditions , the de(i^ne of the common enemy had been fully dafht. But God in his wifedom hath been pleafed to keep w yet a while longer tinder the rod of tryaH, to fee if we will return unto him at last. The Romif}j party, although afto- w Pied and furprifedat the death of their Engine and main Injlrument here among us, gives not over , but continues the great Defigne, without intdrmifion, albeit rot with fuch fpeed as formerly •, for thofe to whofe care principally the bufmeffe w,is committed, and in whofe hands the managing of matters had fallen , by the death of the late F:ic tot um , were notfo powerfuU to obtain, without refufall, what they flea fed, at the Kings hands -^ neither were they in fitch opinion and reputation with infer iours, to make them go on in the work fo earneflly •, wherefore the ^een mujl be brought now ofnecefit^i , to take upon her the main care, and to obtain fromthe Kingvehaifoever may conduce and further thebu(ini'(fe, and take away
. alL
To the Reader.
all Utts and fiofs which may hinder the frcceedings : Then, to employ all her credit abroad^ for countenancing and advancing affairs : And next , by her authority to draw on infer idttrs to aB their part with'^affeBion and ardour. Now all things being thus cunningly and carefully , by degrees , in few yeers, prepared anddilio-
'fed; for enjlaving church and State y Prince and People^ toRome again , it was thought ft y by the hotteft of the party , to wit , the ^efuites , to hajlen the work
. epenly ^ and delay no more time (the comparing of the Defigne being conceived
' to be infallible ) By this means they thought to (]}orten the bufineffe , and to make thcmfelves fo con fider able , as to f\ure deeply in the Booty •, of which the) looked for hut little^ if things were flill Itngred^ and carryed on (lowly . But hew, and where to begin this new undertakings was confulted upon ^ and, after deliberation, the Scots mufl be be^un at, the way is refolved on^ there mujl be a new Prayer- Bock put upon thefe rude fellows^ that they may fay their Prayers in modo & figura a la Romainc , and not fo rudely and irregularly as the-j were wont to do , in~the Nor- thern wa-i. Then they mufl have high-Commifton Courts^ Canons, and Etcetcra'i'.* which things, iftheScots befe wife to accept, as doubtleff'e they will (reafoned thefe men : but he that reckons without this hofl^ reckons twice ) for their chief men of State are either actually at Court ^ or provided to places in the Countrey from Courts at leaji-.they can do no bufineffe of?noment, without the favour of the Court. At this time the devout and religiotis Prelats^ with the reft of their good Clergie , are not onely in all earnefineffe bent for the work , according to their fever all places in the church J?ut alfo they ever-fway all bu fines in State Wherefore^without difficulty, we will cempajfe our main Defigne thorow allthefeDominions (faidthey.) And truelyfi they had, in all likelihood, as we may fee by the wofuS carriage ofbuftneffe, andfo ill managing fo good a Caufe in England^^c? -, But God had, in his merci towards ut all,erdained otherwife. And if the Scots (fay they)fhouldbe fo mad as to refufe the commands from the Court, and tbink upon reftflance, theyfhallbe made obey the holy Mandate with a Vengeance , and fiy their prayers with a rod 5 for wejhall over- ruri i heir Countrey jpeedily^and fuhdue t hernias poor , filly , ignorant fools , deftitute of all means for War, to wit, wifedom, with refolution, not having breeding, andpreffed down with poverty , to undertake and undergo fuch a bufineffe as War • and money and Arms to go on in it -^for the Soy I being barren, and the Havens bad, they cannot have the advantages of a fertile Count rey , furnijhed with good Harbours, and Com - manders or Leaders, to manage a War , their Military men being abroad, who will noteafily quit the honorable andbenefciall Employments they have in forrei^ne Countrey s , and come home to fuffer want, with loffe of credit. But God , who laughs from above atthefeolijh Coun fells of vainmeit , in this particular hath made tesfee , That he hath an over-ruling power over the affairs of men , making little and contemptible ones do great things, and bring to nothing the undertakings of the mighty and wife of thu world.
By this time the new Prayer-Book ^defigned at Romc.andperfeBedat London, ufent down into Scotland. After fome little reluBancy , it is received by the Councell there, the major part whereof then were either Church men, or their addi- cted friends. Then it is fent to the Churches, to be put in ufe and practice :Sut unex-
peBed and unlocked for, it is eppofedby inferiour people ; from whence the oppofiti- en rifeth to thofe of higher ranks.- whereupon Petitions are drawn up, and fent to the King, to fupplicate His LMaje/ly, in all due refpeCt.tofree the Church of Scotland
from this new Prayer -Book, with the High-Comm'ifion Courts.Canons.Etcezcra's.
z T»
To the Reader.
7othcfe Demands ef the Scots no anfrver is given , but hot threatnings ^ aftir vibich^ prefiarJtives of War were made against the Scots : and becatifi: the King did net (h(w himfclf fropenfe enough to the undertaking of War ^ nor the ^ccn forward encitgh to engage the King in this holy War, the ^lecn- Mother , who, for her known faithfiUrie([e to her hmband y ahd for her care of her fen, both late , Kifigs of France , mu ft come to her Son-tn-laiv ( againsi his will ) to help him with her bejl advice and coun fell, and to better inflra^ her daughter hew t« carry her felf with eamiftneffe and addrc^e in the bitfincjje.
Things being thus d (pofed, there is an Expedition undertaken agmift the Sects, andfollowedtothe Borders by the King prejent inperfon; but to fmall purpofe • for the Scots came to the Borders didy prepared, notwithfianding tkeir pre- concei- I'cd tViints and ind.fpofition., to fell their Religion and Liberty at a dear rate : which being perceived by the Court, the Scots Demands, formerly t ejected, are granted, and a Peace concluded. Then fornt of the chief men of the Scots were invited to go to Court, for the time at Barwick; n'/;*?, upon certain advice of a Plot a- gainjl them , were flopped by their friends, to trujl themf elves to the faith of the CoHrt.
y^fter things in a kinde calmed there , the King, net fujfered by his Conn fell to go into Edinburgh to fettle things fully , he fends Deputies thither, andreturns to London. At his return, the Scots Commifioners are imprifoned at London, againft their Safe-Conduct ; and the Agreement with the Scots is burnt publikely, by the hand cf the Hang- man , and a new Expedition , with more cunning and ftrcngththen the former , is under takiHi againjl the Scots : Whereof the Scots ducly advertifed , -judging it not to befafe to play alwayes after-games , fettle their Comtrey, make fure thejlrong Holds, which they had delivered, in ftmplici' ty of heart, unto the King , at the late Agreement , and come into England with fuch an Army , that they made their enemies retire. Upon this point of necefity^ the King affembleddivcrs of the Nobles , by whom he isadvifedtocaliaPa'iia- ment-,which is granted,although with difficulty. At the overture of the Parliament, having gained all the party pcf/ble^ the King is made to demand afiflanceto repelL the Scots from England, and cbaflife them • but to no purpofe , wherefore the Par- liament mu(l pay for it ^ and to this purpofe, the Englifh Army afeot muft be brought to hondon, under fome pretext. This Plot failing, and di fevered, the Scots muft be tempted , under great offers , no lejfe then the plunder <?/ London, andthe propriety of the adjacent Counties to their Countrey. The Scots not onely refufed the fe great offers , but alfo give advice of them to the Parliament. Then the Scots muf be haflened home, andthe King muft go into Scotland, under pre- text to fettle things there, but really , to makea party, viewing by the way the Scots Army ^ and to make fure of fome men dif affected to the Defigne ef the Court. Thefe things not fuccecding, to f moot h a little the Jhamefull hufineffey Titles of Ho- nour, and Penfions are given to many.
WhiletheKirtgis in Scotland , the Rebellion rifeth in Ireland, having its influence from the Court, whether byfealed Patents, or othertvife, I will not enquire now (more then of the SpaniffNavie) but certain it is, it had its rife from Court. Some dayes after the Rebellion begun in Ireland, the King muH return in all (peed to London, under pretext to confultwith the Parliament how to repreffe this odi- ous Rebellion •, but really, to be revenged of the Parliament, for not afifting againft the Scots ^and for pumffnng the mam agents of the Scetijl> party,rvitneffe the fait ion
the
To the Reader.
the j^ceu had madt m the City , during the Kings Abode m Scotland , to divide the City and ParlUf»ent ^ and the dimtinding of the ^jMembcrs of the Heufes , againjl all Larv^ upon accufation of Treafon j whereof the chief and main point was , To have favouriT^ea the Scots Affairs in England , againjl exprejje ABs of oblivion df both Parlidments of Scotland am Englatid. As for the repref- fmg of the Rebellion in Ireland, it isfo little taken to heart , that the Kingfeldom ^ goes to the Houfe ; and being there , jfeaks but Utile of the hitfineffe. \^fter a. while , With 'much ado , the Popifn Irifh in Arms are declared Rcbelis, when they had ruined tnany families^ and killed many of the innocent Proteflants : But of the Kings Declaration there were but few Copies Primed, and of the ferv hardly any differ fed ^ when the Scots^ before they had gathered any Head, were Prelatically excommunicated^ andcurfed throw all the Pan Ihes of England, and declared Re- bells every where by printed Papers : Who^ as they intended riO iU^ fo,bk([ed be Gody never men of War in a Count rey didlejje harm then the Scots did.Tea^whtch is more, all the good intentions of both Parliament and City ^ with the ready offers of the Scots for the (pecdy help of the poor Protcjlants agairtfl the bloody Butchers ,« Ire- land, Viasdelayed^dfluded,y:a, almoHputoff, byth. Court, andthe corn p Mem- bers of both Uoufes, who fine e hdve p)ewedtljemfelves openly wbjt they are, inpuh- liieAffdirs. But thefeBefgnes failing of apprehending the Members ^and of divi- ding the City and Parliament, as wasfecn by the accompanying the Members to the Houfes again, the Kingmusl leave London.
Here before we proceed any further, we fh all go a little back.
when the fir si undertaking was against the Scots , all things within thefe De- minie»s being di^ofed for the befl furthering of the work, the holy Conclave of Rome forecajiing all chances ; and fearing that England would not altogether he fo forward to contribute much unto the dejlru^ion 0/ Scotland , wherefore the King mufl be ajfured of feme good friend abroad, and not far off who may help in cafe of need : None is thought fo fit as the Prince of O range , being able to help with Moneys, Arms and Men ftr command : He mufl be gained, by offering him for his Son one of the Kings Daughters -, who, notwithfiandwg his high m'tnde, would have been glad of a lower CMatch. Now at the frfi, the Prince ofO range didonely lookto have the fecond Daughter in due time : But, to engage him fur^ ther, he [lull have the elder (notfiayingforher till j^Je be nubile) and that pre- fently, although fje did little more then , then well difcerne her right hand from her left. But this is net all • for the Mother mufl carry the Daughter to the Prince of Orange, to gain him more ffeedily , and make him more affectionate and f lire to the Defignes of our corrupted Court : So the Kings Daughter is fold, and made a Sacrifice for furtherance of the Cat ho like Caufe , as his Grand-mother was fold to France to the fame Defigne , by the corrupt Court of Scotland for the time. What mi f chief this CM arriage , and the ^eens Voyage into Holland hath h ought into this Countrey, and what fain fhe hath brought upon her f elf by it, we fee all. Andfo many evils fell upon Scotland,' after the (ending the then young £lueeninto France.
Here you f])allebferve the jugl/ng knavery of our corrupt Court , who cry 01^ againfl the Scots for taking Arms for theju/l defence of their Liberty and Religi- en, without any by-rejfe^ , as their whole proceeeiings to this infant do teft if e, as guilty of the mo/l horrid crime of Rebellion again fi Higher Powers, as they call it ; yet the fame corrupt Court makes the King give his Daughter unto him , fvho is
** X not
To the Reader.
mtoneljA chief man ^ hut a m/ttn Infirument to make Wdr for the Liberty and Religion of the Conntre-j where he liveth , againjt the unjufi oppref'on of their So'vereign '^ as his renowned Brother , and mofi vertiioas Father did before him . and as he intends to make his Son after him , witne[fe the rcverfion of his Place he hath obtained, unto him ^ from the States. If the King of Spain by necepty hut h been conjf rained to acknowledge the United Provinces free ^ it is nothing for the iuHice of their taking Arms to defend their Religion and Liberty : And tf he had power, they would not be long free, witneffe the (ecret Plots to divide them, and over -reach them. Farther ^he ts veryfhie in his Writs, to call them Free^ as every man knows.
The ^een of Bohemia mufl not onely he negleBed , and feen lofe all that Jht and hers can claim for their own, butf})e and hers mujl he ferviceable to thofe who have undone them : To this endfiie mu/l have Pcoj/le about her , namely ^Ccurt-Chap' tains, to difguife hufncjfe unto her, and fo make her have a bad conception of thofe who are her befi friends, to wit , the true Prefeffors of the Truth^ and good Patri- ots in thefe Dominions. Next , her eldest fon , after a long and great negleB of yeelding him any help for the recovery of his own , is betrayed at otir*<orrHpt ( Court J when he is put in a way to do fomewhat for his own refloring, &c. And *af- ter this , by the fame Court , he is follicited to take Arms here agawB the emly mAf, •whereally and conflantly have expre(fed unto him and his,, true ajfcBion •, but they heing flopped by the Court, could not effectuate mttch by their good will. Heinwif- dome re fufeth to fight againji his friends. Since he will not, his two next Bro- thers mufi he employed -, the eldefi whereof is releafedfrom prifon to that effeii : And fo they ha'^ard their lives, andjpend their hloed , toferve the party who hath undone their Fortunes , and new f rives to undo their ptrfons .
The King having left London , after he had been infeverall places , retires to Yorke, where he begins to raife men againjt the Parliament. The Scots feeing this , fend to him thither , to intreat himto lay afide all fuch intentions, and offer their fervice by way of Mediation betwixt him and the Parliament, to take away aH known mi (lakes. 7 he Scots Commi (si oners were not fuffered to proceed any fur- ther then, tn the bu(ine(fey and were fent back, beyond the expectation of men. Af- ter a long Pcn-skirmtflnng on both fides , K^rmies are leavied , many men killed ■ and taken at divers times en each fide -, yea, afet Batt ell fought , where numbers of men are fain.
The Scots not heing able any longer to fee their Brethren in England defroyed, and the Executioners of Ireland butchering man, woman and childe ( the help that the innocents jhould have had from England being almoH altogether diverted, by the Tnteltine War ) and neither fay nor do in the bit fine ^e, under fafe- ConduB fend to the King and Parliament Co^nmifio iters , to intercede for an K_yigreement : But they heing arrived at Court, were negle^ed with their Commifion, and not fuffer- ed to repair unto the Parliament : Atlafiy they are difmiffed, not without dif- ficulty, and , having done nothing , return. Upon this , the Scots convene the States, to confult concerning their cwnfafety, and the help of their friends : At this nick of time , when they received many fair promifes from the Court , with a request to be quiet , a Plot of the PapiBs, fet afoot by the Court , for emhroyt- ingtheCeuntrey, is difcovered ; by the means whereof , they were incited to look mere narrowly to themf elves and their friends. Then the Parliament of Eng- \md fends to the Scots for help. Upon this, a Covenant is made bettvixt the two
Nations
To the Reader.
I^atiofis, for the deftnce of the true Religion , and Liberty of the Countrep^ with the Kingaiusi Rights : and, after due -preparation , the Scots having fetled their own Coimtrey^ enter into England with aftrong Army, to fight the Battelis of the Lord ; having for [cope of their Expedition , The glory of God , and the good of his People^ with the Honour of the King.
tiere wef\iAti.oh{crve^ in thefeonr Cottntrtys^ in thefelafl yeers^ fuch Riddles of State and Church ^oi have hardly been heard of: A Prcteflant Prince makes oneP ro- te ft ant Nation fght again [i another , for the Protefiant Religion^ which have been thought to be of one and the fame DoBrine^for the main : One Church thunders Cur fes again fi another : Then, a Prince mijled , withtheaydof Papifls and A- theilts^^ojling and dejlroying the profejfors of the Truth, becaufe they profffe it, for the good and advancement of the Protefiant Religion : Next^ in a very ftjort time^A Prince to have all his fubje^s declared RebeUs : Fir ft, he is made declare the Scots ■ Then, he is c on fi rained to declare the Irifh : An Army gotten together in the Kings name^ declares all thofe that didoppofe them^ RebeUs : The Parliament declares all thofe who in the Kings name oppofe them, Rcbells and TjMiStitK'i^*''*^ » under the Kings K^uthortty^ the named RebeUs' in Englana^ the King, maintain a Tfi the declared RebeUs in Ireland. But the late carriage of things at ndby the Court-Infiruments at home and abroad, hath folvLedthe Riddle, Tllgff^/^tfvrHili£.^bellipnij^ehndy The aetaining ef help ordained ^r the reprefing of ijt^The Kings offer to go into I rdand '''The Cefjation , and - bringing over of the Irifh, and , The la ft- di [covered Plot in Scothnd^ aU other hhings laid afide , teU tts cleerly , howfoever the Proclamations and Protefia- tions going in the Kings name be foft and fmooth m the voyce of Jacob , yet the hands are rough as of Ehu, deftroying, andfeehng to defiroy the true, Religiony grounded in Gods Word, with the prof e([ors thereof, as alfothe larvfuU Liberty of the CouHtrey , and bring aU untoflavery. Let Ireland and England fay, if this he net true > and Scotland Itkewife, according to its genius , f^eak iiftth.
I fhaU clofe up aU with two or three Infiances of eminent men amongst the yafijls Clergie , tojhew clearly how theyfiand afe£iedto the Proteftants.
\ CardjnaU Pool , in an oration to Charles the fifth , Emperour , faith. You muft leave off the War againfl: the Turks , and her&affCT'make War againft th^Heretikcs ; fo names he the profeffors of the '^t^^jkg^Uil^ ^jere^on, ^Sl^^xXxc Turks are lefle to be feared th«?ifflW^^^iKes. 'Vax^V^odvc^k in aBoe^lMJifrelfe, teUsus, That the Heretikes muft be put to death, (lain, cut off, burnt, quartered, ^c. Stapleton the ^efttite^ tells us , That the Heretikes are worfe then Ihe Turkj,j,,^i^g«Mi*f/(?« he "^
V, m'ide^afl^O'i^y9l^»Oli1\^^l!^%efi^ theyeer
1 5 83 i^ in Trevers , declareuhns^ in the name of his hoh Order , Our will is/T That it cometo'rfifldflHailBfe ofrrgrfone, f5 Kir as r? concerns our Society-, That we all , difperfed in great numbers thoroW the world, have fltfacfe a,.Lea^irc', and holy folema^Oath , That as long as there
V* arcany of us alivt, that all ourcare:ifTdinduftry , all our deliberations and counfells, fhall,Hf^er ccafe to trouble your calm and fafety . That is to fay., We fliall procure and purfue for ever your ruinc,the whole deftrudlion of your Religionjand of your Kingdom. HeJ^eakstothe Englij]). Now it is
long
#-■■
To the Reader.
lon^^fince we have taken thi-; refolution, with the hazard ol our lives: fo that the bufinefife being already \vell begun and advanced , itisim- pofTible that the Englifli can do any thing to flop our Dcfigne , or fur- mount it.
Let thc'fc few PalJ/tges fatisfe for this time. I mjhtfjM thou maifi reap feme bemjit of tvhat is written here for thy good.
So, praying for your happineffc
1 reft.
Yours J in. the Lord^ !D. ^,
The LIFE
O F
fOH:j\Q KJNipX.
O H N Knox was borne in GifFord, fieer Ha- dington, in Lothian, the yeer of Chrift^ 1505. of honeft Parentage : His father was a brothers fonoftheHoufeofKih^crlie, which is ofi an- cient Family of Gentlemen in the Wefl. Whett he left the Grammar Schoole in the Countrey^ he wasfent to the ZJfii'z/erfity of Saint Andrews, toftiidie iinde/ M. John yiMV^rvho in thofe dayes was 'very famom for his hearnina^ t^hich particularly didconfift in the ergot ie or dijpHtatii>epart of Thilofophy^ and in School-Di'vinity^ wherein formerly ^f or many A/ecrs together^almoU all Learning was placed. In a t/ery/hort time John Knox became f itch a Profcient^ that in this kinde of know- ledge wherein his Mafter mofl excelled , hefurpajfed him ; and be- ing yet 'very youngs was thought worthy of Degrees in the School : . Moreozierj before the time ordinarily allowed by the Canons^he en- tred in Church Orders. Thereafter, ^'^ying afide the idle Dijjfutes and Sophisiry of the School Jje betookjjimfelf to the reading of the ylncients jnatnely^of Auguftine , with whofe IVritin^^she wts vmch taken, by reafoit of their plainneffe andfolidity. Lafl of all, he betookjjimfelfto the earnejiftudy of the holy Scriptures-^where- in ha'vinjL found the Truth of God concerning the fal'vation of Manh^nae fully re'vealed, he in good earneB did embrace it , and freely profejjed it j yea, fnade it his main workjo mah^ it h^own to oilmen, and beliez>ed by them ; in which worhjje was 'very aS^lizie and 'vigilant, at home and abroad^ namely, at home. For the Caufe of the iruth he filtered 'very much by Sea and by hand, in minde and in body ; among forraigners , and amongji his own Countrey- tnen , as ye way fee in this HiUory of the Church, which now here we prefent unto you : Which History , namely, fo much of it , / mean, as formerly was publif Jed , hath gone commonly under his
a . na;;je^
The. JLife of fohn I\nox.
n^i^:s , hccaiifc he k the man of ivhom moji isjpok^n thoron'oitt the xvhole Hi-fory-j as heiiigamoU earneU cuid diligent agent in the bujinefje of Keformation in the Church : Next ^ becanfehe hath penned ivith hk own hand^ orjfoken by ivord of month , the mojl part of the moU remarl^ble andmo^i life fill things for Foiierity in the Hiiiory. Thirdly ^ the whole History is gathered out of his Fdpers and Mamifcripts : Andfoyefee why it is generally recei- 'ved to he of John Knox-. But to return to his Life.
He being confi rained for a time to leave his Count rey, by reafon of the Ferfecution raifedin ScotLind^by the then Bifhops^againji the profeffors of the Truth, he came into England ^where for fome veers he was bufiedy in preaching the Evangell of ChriJ}^ with a oriat deal of content and benejit to thofe that had the happinejje to bear him. His chief abode was in Ecnvick ^ Ncwcallle, and London : This was in the dayesof King Edward the fixth^with whom he was in great fa'vour and ejieem f, By whom being ojj'ered a Bijhoprich^ ^ he not onely refufed and rejected it^ but with a ^ra've andfez/erejj'eech declared ^ That the proud Title of Lord- Jhipyand that great State^ was not to befujferedto be in the Church of Cod, as having quid Gomniunc cum Antichri/lo j that is^"* fomewhat common with Jntichrisi. King Edward being dead, the perfecutionofM'dvy made him leave England, with many other godly MiniUers^who went beyond Seas. Firfl, Joh" Knox 23^^;2^ /<? Frankford , where for a time he preached the Gojpel ta the E?7glifj Congregation there ■■> From whence he wrote the Ad- monition to England : But being molelled there, partly by open PapiUs, and partly byfalfe Brethren^was conftrained to retire : And from thence he went to Geneva , from whence he wrote his Letter to Mary Regent o/Scotland, hk Appeal to the Nobility of Scotland, and Admonition to the Commons of Scotlani^ From Gcne\'2i, after fo}ne yeers abode there , he was called home to h:s own Countrey, the yeer of Chrift 1559- which was theti^/\. of his age,bytheNoble-f;/en^ and others who haA taken upon them the generall Reformation of the Church of Scotland j where, Imvfoon that the reformed Church had any liberty, he wasfetled Miniver at Edinburgh^ wherfi he continued exercifing hk MiniUery to his dying day ; but not without interruption , by reafon of the Civ ill diforders that fell out in thofe dayes.
^ Vu-
The Life of ^ohn I\nox,
During this his heing at Edinburgh, he Preached many excel- lent Sermons y whereof there he hut fciV that were printed and confer-z'ed to Posterity^ he not being .willing to biifie himfelf with the Frejje : Tctfomc of than we ha've^ as this ^ namely^ which he Preached Jt(g. 19, An. i 5 64.. and for which he was forbidden to Preach for n time : He^ to make h^iown to the world what nronnd there was to dealfo with hint^ tookjhe care to hat'e this Sermon ■printed^ as you will fnde it at the end of this HiUory.
Here I cannot let jlip a remarkable pajfage j which was thk j Anno 11^66. the Earle o/"Murray was flain upon the Saturday : The morrow after j John Knox preached in Edinburgh ^ where, as he ivas reading the Papers wherein wcts written the names of thofe that defired the Prayers of the Church, be fndes a paper with thefe words , Take up the man whom ye accounted an- other god : which he puffed, without exprejfing any commotion and went on with his Prayer and Sermon. At the end of the Ser- mon , he made moaft for the loffe that the Church and State of Scotland /j^^/, by the death of that/vertuom man-j and f aid. That as God in his mercy gi'veth good and wife Rulers , fo taketh he them away from a people in his wrath. Then he added. There is ofie in this company that maketh the fnbjeSi of his fjiirtb thi^s horrible murther,whereat all good men ha've occafon to be forry : I tell him , That hejhall die where there/ball be none to lament him. He who had written the afore faid words in the paber, was Thomas MetcHan , ayoufig Gentlemen of mof rare parts, but. youthfull, and bearino fmall aff'eSlion to the Earle of Murray ; • who, when he heard this Commination of John Knox , went home to his lodging, and faid to his fifler. That John Knox was ra'vingtojj'cak^of he k^iew not whom. His fife r reply ed , with tears inJun^reyes, If you had followed my ach'ice,ye had tiot writ- ten thefe words ; and withall told him. That none of John Knox hk threatnings fell to the ground without effeSi. Andfo it fell out in this particular ; For fortly thereafter the young Gentleman went beyond Seas to travell, and died in Italy, having no known man to affiH him, much lefje to lament him. Toivards the lattsr dayes of his age, his body became 'very infirm , and his i^oice fo WQake, that the people could not hear him. Preaching in the ordi- place,wherfore he -made choice of another more commodious within
a 2 th^
The Life of fohn l\nox.
the ToTVfij reading to hk auditors the hiBory of the Pajpon , in which^ he/aid^ it was his defire tofimjh and clofc his Mini fiery. T'htts he continued Preachings though with much weah^jejje^ two moneths and more^ after this retiring : Andforefeeing that he was not to remain long with them^ he was infant with the Coiinfell of the City toprot/ide themfel'ves of a worthy wan tofucceed in his Yhtce. Mafer James Laulbn , who at that time profejjed Philofophy inthe 'Vni'verfity o/' Aberdcne , beifig commended for a good Preacher^ Commiffioners were directed from the Body of the Church of Edinburgh , and from Mafter John Knox in particular^ to cUfira him to accept of the Charge. To the Letter that the CommiJJioners carried^ after that he had fet his hand^ he added this Pojifcript^ Accelcra mi fratcr, alioqui fero venies : Make haflcj Brother^ other wife ye f Jail come too late : Meaning, That if he made any flay , he Jhouldfnde him dead and gone. Thefe Lift words mo'ved M. Laufon to take journey the morrorp thereafter. When he was come to the Town^and had preached two fe'verall times., to the good likjng of the people ^ order WO'S taken by the Rulers of the Church for his admijfion.,and the day appointed; at which day John Knox himfelf would not onely beprefent^ but alfo preach , though he could fear ce walk-on foot to the Chayre ', which he did with fuch fervency ofjj'irit , that at no time before was he heard to ff>eakwith fuch areat power , and more content to the hearers : And in the end of the Sermon , calling God to wit^ neffe.) That he had walked in a good confcience amo)2gfl them , not feeking to pleafe men .^ nor fer'ving either his own.^ or other mens . affeSiions J bitt in allfincerity and truth preached the Gojpel of Chrift : With moji gra've and pithiewords^ he exhorted them to flandfaji in the Faith they had received : And having conceived a 'x.ealom Prayer for the continuance of Gods blejjing a/00ng them, and the multiplying of his Spirit upon the Preacher who ivas then to be admitted., he gave them his lafi fare-well. The people did convey him to his lodging., and could not be drawn from itfo loath were they to depart from him; and he the fame day inthe after- noon.^ was forced to tah^ bed. During the time he lay (which was not long ) he was jnuch vifited by all forts of perfons , to whom hejpake moft comfortably : Amongft others.^ to the Earlg of Morton, who came to fee him, he was heard fay., My Lord, God
hath
The Life of fohn I\nox,
hath given you many blcffings 5 he hath given you Wifdom Honour, high Birth, Riches, many good and great friends and is now to prefer you to the Government of the Realme (the Earle c^Marr, late Regent ^ heingnervly dead) In his Name I charge you, That ye will ufe thefe bleffings better in times to come , then you have done in times paft : In all your adions feek firft the glory of God , The further- ance of his Gofpcl , The maintenance of his Church and Miniftcryj and next, Be carefull of the King, to procure his good, and the welfare of the Realme. If you ihall do this, God will be with you, and honour you : If otherwifc ye do it not , he will deprive you of all thefe benefits , and your end fliall be fhame and ignominy. Thefe Jpeeches , the Earle ^ about nine yeers after ^ at the time of his Execution^ called to minde J faying^ That he had found them to be true, and him , therein, a Prophet.
A day or two before his death^hefentfor Majrer David Lind- fay, M/y?er James Laufon, and the Elders and Deacons of the Church , to rvhom hefaidy The time is approaching, for which 1 have loHCT thirfted, wherein I fhall be relieved of all cares andbewithmy Saviour Chrift forever : And now, God is Ifiy witnefle, whom I haveferved withmy fpirit, inthe'Go- ipel of his Son , That I have taught nothing but the true and folid Dodrine of the Gofpel j and that the end I pro- pofed in all my Dodrine, was. To infi:ru6i: the ignorant, To confirm the weak, To comfort the confciences of thofe that were humbled under the fcnfe of their fins , and born down with the threatnings of Gods Judgements : Such as were proud and rebellious, I am not ignorant that many have bla- med, and yet do blame my too great rigour and feveritvj Biit God knoweth. That in my heart I never hated theper- fons of thofe againft whom I thundred Gods Judgements j I did onely hate their fins , and laboured , accordina; to my power, to gain them to Chrift : That I did forbear none, of whatfoever condition ; I did it out of the fear of my God, who hath placed me in the Funci:icn of his Miniftery , and I know will bring me to an account. Now, brethren, for your fclves , I have no more to fay, but to warn you , That
a 2 you
^
The Life o£ fohnI\nox.
you take heed to the Flock over which God hath placed you Overieers, which he hath redeemed by the Blood of his one- ly begotten Son. And you, Miftcr Lanfou , fight a good fiofht, do the Work of .the Lord with courage, and with a willing miride : And God trom above blefle you , and the Church wIi|reof you have charge : Againfl: it (fo long as it continueth in tljjp Dodrine of the Truth ) the gates of hell {hall not prevail.
Thhjpol{efiy and the Elders and the Deaions dimittedj he c ai- led the trvo Treacher s unto him ^ and f aid ^ There is one thing that grievcth me exceedingly j You have fometimes feen the courage and conftancy of the Laird of Grange in the caufe ofGod^and that moft unhappy man hath c.ilt himfelf away: I will pray you two to take the pains to go unto him, and fay, from me, That unlefje he forfake that wicked courfe wherein he is entred, neither ihall the Rock in which he confideth defend him , nor. the carnall wifcdom of that man whom he counteth half a god (this was young Lethingion) yeeld him help ^ but fhamefully he (hall be pulled out of that neft, and his carkafe hung before the Sun ( weaninghhe Cajlle he did l^ep againjl the Kings Authority: And fo it fell out the yeer next fjllorping '■^fortheCajilewastah^n^ and he was ■publikely hanged , attd his body hung before the Sun) The foul of that man is dear unto me , and, if it be poffible , I could fain have him to befaved. They n^ent, ashehaddefired^and conferred a long Jpace with Grange ; but with no ferfwafipn could he he di'verted from his courfe : Which being reported, hetooI{^ tnojl heavily. Te^ Grange , at his death , did exprejfe ferious repentance for his fins.
The fiext day, he ga've order fornia^ng his Coffin wherein his body p.ould he laid j and was that day j asthorow all the time of his ficl{ftejfe^ much in prayer, crying, Come, LordJdj,ij Sweet Jeiu, into thy hands I commend my Spirit. Being ash^d by thofe that attended him, if his pains were great, he anfrered,That he did not efteem that a pain , which would be to him the end of all trouble,^, and bcginninj^; of.c.ternall Joyes. Often- time >\ after fome deep meditations , he hurji forth in thefe worlds ; O ferve the Lord in fear,and death fliall not be troublefome i unto
The Life of ^ohn I\nox.
unto yoff : bitised is the death of thofe that have part in the- death of Jelus. In the e'vening^ rvhicli tvas the laft of this YPi-etched lifey lM''vtng fl%pt fome hours together ^ but n?ith great iinqitu'tNe^e^for he was hear^to fend forth many fi^hs and groans; one CaanpbtJI, and one John Johnfion, mhichtwo ivaited --very ditfgently upon him^ asked^ aj\er he axpak^d , How he ^id finde himklfc , and what it was that made him to ii|ourn"ro hea- \ ily in his flcep ? To ivhom he anfwered^ In my life time I have oft been affaulted with Satan, and many tirffbslje hath caft in my teeth my {ins,to bring me to deipair jy et.God gave me ' Ihength to overcome all his tentations : And now that fub- till Serpent , who never ceafes to tempt, hath taken another courfc, and feeks to perfwade me , That all my labours in the Miniftery^ and the fidelity that I have i' in that Ser-
vice, hath m( rited heaven and immortality : Knrl5^kisQ,d be God, that brought to my minde thefe Scriptures, U hat hast' thou that thou hali not receii/ed P And , Not /, but the grace of God in me : With which, he is gone away afliamed, and fhaJl no more returne : And now I am furemy Battel] is at an end J and that without pain of body, or trouble of ipirit I fliall ihonly change this mortall and miferable life, with -that happy and immortall which fliall ncAcrhave an end. After which difconrfe ^ aVrayer was faid fieer his bed where he lay : which being endedj it was ask^d^ If he heard the Prayer ? He anfweredj Would to God that ye had heard it with fuch an ear and heart as I have done j Adding^ Lord Jefu receive my Spirit. With which words ^ without any motion of hands or feet^ as one falling afleep^ rather then dyings he ended his life. He was a man endued with many excelletit gifts ^ aud with a 'very griat fneafure of the Spirit : God raijed him up to be a chief In- Jlrument of the glorious IVorh^of Reformation. The Court cUw- backj j{i(l 0htfifeA ha<ve been , ancl are:di(j>teafed.withhis Do- ^ri?/e touching Ihe Authority of I'rinces and Ci<viU Magi/irates, although there was tiever man born , who c^^d more heartily rei/e- rengJLCirjill Authority , fwr ^bey n^ore willingly "thHa-wfulLcom- fMands thereof tfT^rhe : yAllhis'^6li;in\concerni.ng the Ci'vill Authomty^ was^ To correci the corruption brought in by the (la- 'Vfflj flatterers , who ^ abufng the pmplicity and deUotiaritie of
The Life of fohn I{nox
thofe rvbom God has placed in Authority^ maketh them tncanfider- ately to rebeU wilfully and openly againji God and his Son ^ and turn all things up- ftdc don>n, and undo t^3£ poor people of God^for Tvhofe good and fafety tljey are placed fo high, hih^rvife ivere and are to th'ps day the proudFrelats and idle belly-gods highly offe tid- ed w'ith fj^DoBrine concerning Church-Go'vernment^althou^h he intended no other thing , but the pulling down of AntichrifiaU" ifme fully ^ and caUiug all tyranny mdldlenejfe out of the Houfe of God. 'Nef'er was a man more obfer'vamt of the true andjuU Authority of the Church-Kttlers^ according to the Word ofGod^ andpraSiice of the pjtreU Trimiti've times. He alw> ayes urged preffingly due Obedience by the people , to the fait hfull Payors and Elders of the Church. Although he Wits both learned and eloquent^ yet did he not much apply his minde to cotnpofe Bool^s for Fofkri'ty \for he was wont to fay ^ That God had called him rather to inftruci the ignorant, comfort the forrowfull , re- buke the ilnncrs, and confirm the weak living in his time, then to make Books for ages to come. 'Ne'vertheleffe^ he wrote fe'verallgood Pieces ; far be fides what we ha've Jpol^en of already ^ natnely^ he left thefe , A learned Treatife againji the blajphemous AnabaptifisjTwo Treatifes againji the Majfe, One^of the Eucha- riU , Some Sermons upon Genefis , Some alfo upon the Pfalms, An Exhortation to all ajfliBed Churches , An Ad'vice in time of trouble J The frjt blaU of the Trumpet^ d^'C.
He died^ Anno Dom. i ^ 7 - > and of his age^ 61. His body was interred at S. Giles, without the Church. To his Buriall ajpUed many men of all Ranl^s ; among others^ the Earltb of Mor- ton, who being neer to the gra^je^ as the Corps was put in , faid^ by way of Epitaph , Here lies the body of him, who, in his life time, never feared the face of man.
^r?r?ii^ c/L^y^^^3^^^^4 a ^ay0^9r?^e
TH
PREFACE.
He S c o T s, by the moft judicious Writers, and by thole who have moft diligently ftu- died their Antiquities , are acknowledged to be among the firft who embraced the Faith of Chrift : yea, they are faid to be, by forae, of the very firft-fruits of the Gen- tiles : For in few yeers alter the Afcenfion of our Saviour Jefus Chrift, the Apoftles and Difciples being conftrained to Iczvcjernfalem and Judea^ by reaibn of the B^fecutions raifed againft them by the Jews, according to tli^ifpei^fati- on of the All-wife God, went up and down the world ; ^d fpeakingto every People in their own Language, declared unto them the glad Tydings of Salvation in Chrift Jcfus. Thofe who came into our Northern Parts, to wit, into Scot- land^ and firft made known unto our Fathers the Myfteries of Heaven, were of the difciples of John the Apoftle.
Some yeers thereafter, to wit, inthefecond Perfecution raifed againft the Chriftians,many Britons Provincials of the Empire, profelfing the Name of Chrift, left their own coun- trey, and went into Scotland^ forfhelter from the generall Malfacre then executed thorowout the whole Empire , by that bloody Butcher Domitian j and to enjoy the freedom of the Gofpel , which they knew to be received then in Scot- land. Among thefe fugitive Britons there were fundry learn-
b " ed
Scoti ex aijA- pulls Joannis Apoftoli Chri- flitnifmum edtcfifiiTtt. Buch.Lib.j. MulticxBri- tonibut Chrijii- atiifitvitiim Domitiani metuentes in Scoti am corn- mi^rirmt, ^ quibis compile- res do^rini (f^ vita iHtcgritite dm in ei f»i- filierurtt. Buch,Lib,4.»
\
T^he Treface.
ed and pious men, who ftayed in Scotland ( the Perfecution "ended) propagating the Faith of Chrift there by their Prea- ching. This we have related unto us by the Hiftorians of beft truft. We have not then from the Sea of Rome our firft Institution in the Chriftian Faith , yea, we areJo far from it, that, for many yeers together, we hardly had any communi- ] cation WithS^ome at all. Pallaclms was the firft , fome yeers after the beginning of the fitth Age, who made our acquain- tance with Rome ; although the gencrall current of the Ro- mifli Writers give out. That the Gofpel was firft planted amongft us in Scotland by the means of Fi(5l(?rBifliop o^Rmie: ' Yet Baronmfy that renowned Chronologcr, albeit he would fain have the Scots owe this Obligation unto i^w;/e,difclaim- eth this opijiion of his Party,as untrue, and difagreeing with the beft Antiquity.
TertiiUian^ who lived in the fecond Age, and wrote^ooks divers yeers before the end thereof , and fb was fo neqr the fSfufkL planting of the Chriftian Faith amongft the Nations , that inomuesor-bii _ iu a mauucr he may be faid to have been an eye-witnefle un- Briumumuf. to it, iu his BooK againit the Jews , Ipcaking how the Light %ix'pmcmji oi t\iQGofyd was fpread thorow the whole world, faith yum Komina^^y^^ T^he Etiunael Wtts dtffufcd lUto oU the parts of the rporld pemrimm. yea^ into Bit^rtie^ andinjto that fart of the ijlafidrpherennts the t"]udxoT Roman F&rWj did ne'ver pierce. By thefe laft words o£ Ter- Antoninu> titUian , are meant the inhabitants of that part of the Ifland vicit,di$r,mro which licth bcuotth the walls, firft built by Adrian^ then by "iZ£r Antonims Pius, thirdly by Se'verus ; and thefe were the Scots duao.]uic^?- hv na.mG: : For the Romans put walls betwixt them and the muro per fmf Scots Bowc-mcu, as out Poct exprelleth it :
verfsm infuUm
5t;SS . Komafag^tti ferk pr.^tendit m^nia Scoth.
munivit.
riimprimMdii' And Claudian , many hundred yeers before this our imSiZl ^^^^ ■> Ipeaking of the Legion which then was called from wiit, e-«Uus its Garrifon on the aforefaid walls, faith thus. The Legion venitis'extre-camej whtch ivos placcd before thentmoU' Britam ^ and which ""'"^fJ"^. bridled the fierce Scot.
teittiBriuwui, J
Hux Scoto. dat frxTiit triici, ideft, oppofitu Smk , qtu e<irum fartrem A Brite^nM pvepdleret inlexti'tmo limtte Brittmia (a"
^«to. Jiff x;//c« Buchaii. Lib.!.
Lncim
The Treface,
Lucius Florus^ many ycers before Claudiafty who wrote to- wards the later end of the fourth Age , to wit, in the begin- ning of the fecondAge i and Spartianm ^ who alleadgeth FlorffSj writ towards the later end of the third Age. Lucius Florips the Poct(is the fame with the Hiftorian,who writ the Aort Hiftory of the Romans,as judgethiS'^/w^/^^is brought in by JElius Spartianus , in the Hiftory of thjp Life of Adrian the £mperor,faying thcfc words, Irvonldnot be Caefar,?^ walkj^^"^'^"'^*- miong the Britans^ anclfuffer the Scots tttorning hoar Frofts. The imf^Bnun- word pr«/W, which the Author ufeth,doth fignifie fo much i J^J^J^'^f"" for it is quafi 'ct^ivn a 'S'sf' , morning. What Florus, in thefc words here allcadgcd, calleth in his Language Scoticas prui~ fiM : Clandian CdiW^th Caledonias pruinas^ {peaking of another i^uecaicjo- Roman, in thefe words. And he placed his Camp in the middle "'^P^M^t* of the Caledonian morning hoar Frosts. I know that commonly in Spartian , of whom we have thefe Vcrfcs of Florm , it is read, Scythicas^^ov Scoticas^hxxt wrong,notwithfi:anding that the great Criticks have not correded it:For how,I pray you, can Adrian be fa id to fuffcr Scythicasprninas^ who never was in the Countrie which then wept under the name oiScythia? yea, the Romans had never any War with the Scythes ; for albeit the Scythes heard of the Romans Arms,yet they never scyth* auHvt^ felt them : Befidcs, what fenfehad it been in F/m^j to hyZl'lTrZ., unto Adrian^ Thsit he rvonld not he Cx(a.v , tO'rpalhJnBritany^ '"■maRomx-^ and endure the wortiing hoary Frojis of Scythia ? For although the Romans heard fay , That Scythia was a cold Countrey, yet they more perfectly kncw5'c(?//<?«f/ to be coId,having been upon the place. Now it was very eafie to thoie who copied Books of old, and hardly underftood what they writ, to change one letter for another, namely, when two letters are fo like one to another, as the/e two Vowels o, O ; for O not being hiitiall or Capitall, was written formerly without the draught under it , which hath been written for diftinition fake, as we fee it commonly now , thus I/. This change of thefe two Vowels , hath been found elfewhere then in this place of F/(?r;^, by the Criticks, in the fame words j who feeing the name of the Sea upon the Coaft of Scotland writ- ten Scythicnm , prcfently mended it , and made it Scoticnm.
b 2 The*
The Preface.,
Then Erafmus fmellcd out the fame fauJ t in Jerome his Epiflle SMk£gentcs to Ltefiphon^ againit r^u^rtz^if, and hisdnciplcC^/^swAf, m Propkt^mn- thcfc words^Britafmie and the Scots Nations had not then l^nown dumcognovc- Mofcs andtfje Prophets. Erafmm finding Scythk.t, he chang-
ed It mto Scotk<£.
hitcijis Seneca^ about ah hundred yeers before Florn-s^
that is, about fourty yeers after Chrift, now 1600 yeers
fince, in his Satyre upon the death of Claudim, makes men;
tion of the Scots in the compofed word Scoto-Bngantes , as nieBritmms thus followeth 3 He (" i. e. Claudius J commanded the Bvi- n pomi, & ^^^^-^ beyond the h^iow?t Seas^ and the hlne Scoto-Br/.gauteSj tofiib- cmdcos scoto- ^^-^ ^fj^^^ mck^ tothe Roman Chams. This word above named
tiiigiiitcs aire ' \.
Komdckcoiu hath puzzled many of the Critieks how to rcade it , .fo that
a right meaning or fenfe might be had of thefc lines , with
the true meafure of the Verfe,fonie reading it one w^y,fome
another way i till at lad, the learned Jofeph Scal/ger torrecl-
edit as you have it here, giving to the words a plain and
ealie fenfc, and keeping the law of the Verfcs , againft
which all others didfaile : And' to this Correction of Sea-
j«f:/teBu- /iffcT hath fubmitted many learned men : vet fome, partly
saimafuisw tor ciivic againlt the Nation oi whom is herelpoken, part-
L-"S.v^ ly for vanity , will ftand out againft the truth , bccaufe of
r„axme purpti- i[^q autlioHty of this Gorre^liou , at whofe e[rcat and moft
3-eo (St Cc-ulM . •' n- 1 1 \ r
dcUciMiturpi- rare Learnmg they are oitended, as the lormer are at any l<.i sm,. advantage that the Nation whom thefe words doth concern may have. The Scots are called CemUi y ov blue ^ be- CAufe they ufed much blue in their Garments ; and fo doth the old Scots to this day, witneffe their Plaids,, whereof the beft fort ordinarily hath the grovmd blue i as alfo their
Mmcrtinus bluC CapSc
t'i^nTo'na ' ^'^'^i^^^^ti"-, in his FanegyncJ^to Maximmian^ tells us , That lubuijfcbdu the Britans had War with the Scots and Pi61:s, before Julius '^'piifoT^vtc C.efar entered into the Ifland. So, by thefe Teftimonies, yc Jhan^/f/i^" fee how injurious they are unto the Scots, th^t will not have Eim panes ha- their name known, till many yeers, yea, fdme hundred yeers
hitiitores fxnm r~ , r \ t\ • - 1 t n 1
a Briumm attct thc cutty OI thc Romaus mto the liland. SoTesZhn The Romans having fetled thcmfelves in the Ifland, they Briwini nmi- dividcd the wholc into two parts : Their part, or the South
part.
Tlye ^Preface,
parti they called Britannia major and fuperiour ', and their Provincialls went moft commonly under the name of Brito- ^€/,althoiigh ibmetimes under the name of Britanni^ but not ^b oft : and they were fub-divjdcd into fev^rall Peoples. ummsmM The other part of the Iflarid without the Roman Province, fw fo?3>««;,5
'■,' .,* , ■ iijt>- • • ^ • onv.ibm gcnt'f
th^t js^ the northern part, was called Britannia minor ^ and ni- buiq^cxmrfi- Jeriour : Now all the inhabitants of this northern part, J"S/S' .>^ho were in continuall Bickerings and Warre with the Ro- "'fiM'^-^^'t- mails and their Provincialls, were called Scott, {omet'imc sLvocatcos TranfniarinSj iomctimc Forreigners j and they did confift of S^'^^"2^ two chief Peoples, to wit, BriganteSj andFi&iij which both rnoddfcrcgrino! were fub-divided into feverall lelfer Peoples , of which we m^nch^^"' forbear to fpcak at this time. So the name of Scott was at ^nmauTmi- firft appellative, and given to more then to one People 5 but ^■"'("quixx in iiicceffe of time , appropriated to one. .. And this is not umumnlvf. lingular in this name , for the proper names of. divers Peo- T^'^'"""^'/'' pies at firft hath been appellative, and thereafter appropri- Brimmivm ate to one alone : I will inftance onely in one , for brevity pw/' Tm-^ fake, which is this 5 The name Franck^or French , at firfl was fi"f s^c^'^' common to all thofe that ftood out together for Franchife and Liberty againft the Romans about the Khyne, and other parts of Germany 3 But at length it became peculiar unto one people, as we fee it is at this day. Moreover , that the name oitScoti was appellative , and given to more then one people, youmay.cleerly feeby the ordinary exprelTion of ancient Writers in the plural 1 number, thus, Scotorum oentes, Scoticde gentes j when otherwife all men ordinarily , both by word and writing, have ever ufed,and to this day ufe the fin- gular number, fpeaking of one people 3 diSgens^ not gentes j fGpnUi^s, not popnli ; nation, not nations.
As all thenorthern people of the main Land , or Conti- nent, bothin E«r()/>e and ^y//i, went anciently under the ^^^^ , name of Scyth.^^ witncfle Straho, in thefe words. The ancient r -i^^k^is^^ comffwnly called the northern people Scythes. And in another iSlTIL* place he faith, The ancients did call hy one name 0/ Scythes allll'J^^^?'!^^ the k^own places towards the North. He means, in the Conti- T* "^VBpr rent, or main Land. So the northern people o£ Britamtie^ylaiuuiTiyt which is another little world , were of old , a^ to this day TS'^'"^*
b 3 are
T^he T re face.
are called 5'fi'f/. The two names 5"ryf/^<i and 5'r(7/;/if do fig- nifie one and the fame thing, to wit, an Archer ^ot Borv-man ; in Latin, Jrcuarifts j in Greek, To^oW. The ancient Writers tell us , That the Scythes were much given to Archery, and to Hunting j Co were anciently , and to this day are the old Scots Bow-men j In Hebrew, n-iH^V Kejhut^ from nii?^ Kejljet , Boa?. And fo you have the fignification oiScytha and Septus ; which are truely one and the fame, with little change, more in Latin then in Greek i for the one is written Xxi-^^s, fo at firft the other was written X^-vy^iy which afterward they turned into X5to'TOf. This is the true origine of the name 5'r<»-, tffs : It comes neither then from the fabulous Scota , neither from thefooliflily-invcntedSxuTTjSjdarkncfle iFor if thedays be as long in fummer, as the nights are in winter,Why fhould the Countrey be called 5^0?/^, fromSjcoT^^ rather then P ho- tia, from (p^h light ? Alfo the Britan Writers ufe one and and the fame word, when they fpeak of Scyth and Scot , to wit , y Scot J as likewife the Low German callcth them both Schutten : From the Hebrew n'U?V Kejhet, we have the vulgar fchitt and fchot. Now this Etymologic of Scot , as it is true, fo it is eafie, by the tranfpofition of a letter j to wit, by putting "^ behindc -^j^ j which is ordinary, not onely in the derivation of words from one Language into another , but alfo obvious in one and the fame Language, in common difcourie. Let this one Example fatisfie for all , to be ihort, Is not one and the fame word both written and pronoun- ced, according to the writing thirty znd thrity ^ in our vulgar Tongue ? As the names of Scyth and Scot do figni- fie one thing j fo the people, in many things, may be faid to be like one another i as for Example i Tho: Scythes ^ in the Continent, generally were of two kindcs ; to wit, £«- ropeafiy 2nd Jftaticl{^: So the Scots in 2>m4«i^ were of two forts in gencrall j to wit^ the Brigantes, znd PiSii. Next,thc Art'7««< »"- Scyths did not till the ground, but feeding cattell and fliecp, had a Cuitome to remove from one place or lolitude to another : Of old, fo did all the Scots i and to this day , the strib.ub.ii. ancient or prifci Scots do. The 5'cjvf/:>eJ' did live much upon time they are jjjjjj^ ^j^^ £^^q q^^ qJJ Scots. Thc Scythss. not knowing
The Preface.
tut
the life of riches, did not defire them : and fo it is v/ith many scytb* tb dt- of our old Scots. The Scythes were never vanquiflied bv *"* '« '^"'"""
-^ n. J tmaat, tut in
Forreigners : lo the bcots were never utterly overthrown, ^i^t- although they have TufFered very much by their enemies at J'^lv.sT'*' leverall times. The Scythes were hard for toyling and ff-ps'"">?^ War i fo are our Scots, asisknown to alJ, Cy^'t". sotXmamin-
Wehavefaid, That the In-dwellers cf the north part niascotis.
bf the Ifland were named Scoti j and that by a generall Di- ^luu^ll vifion they were of two kindes, Btigantes^ and FiBi : Now w€ muft enquire who are Brigautesj and who PiSii j where they both lived , and from whence they came. And , to begin at FiSli ^ They inhabited the Eaft fide o£ Britanma wiftor, which is the beft : and, for the moft part, they were of the ancient native Britons j of whom, fuiidry of old, be- ' fore the entry of the Romans into the Ifland, had drawn themfelves Northward, to have more elbow-room for their courfe of life, which was, To feedCattell, and to hunt, removing from one place to another, whereunto largeneffe of Bounds is required. Then others of the old Britons fly- ing from the Tyranny of the Romansj upon grievance, went from time to time Northward , beyond the Limits of the Empire, to their ancien t com-Patriots.
Next came in to the fe North Brit ans^ at divers times, ie- verall Colonies of Northern people from beyond Sea. Hence itis, that fome late Authors have written. That the inha- bitants of the Eaft fide of Britannia ininor came from Scafi- die. The North Britans having received the/e men come from beyond Sea, into their Society, and being joyned with them, made up a People, called the Romans and South Bri- tons PiSiiy becaufe they continued the Cufi:om of painting their bodies, of old in ufe among many Nations : which cuftome the South Britons left off, with other Rites , now become Provincialls of the Empire. The whole Ifland was firft called Albion ; of which we fliall ipeak anon, God willing.
Then ^f>e\a.vvi<x,, Britannia^ which fignifieth'^a woody Coun- trey ; for of old it was y-dLmrA-fu^i^ Syl'z/is obfita , covered with Woods, as Strabo terms it. And to this day, we fee that
part
The Treface,
part of the countrcy oppofite to the Continent , full of Woods and Inclofures. We finde m ancient Authors, the r^/Vc^ 557 w- Peninfule of Italy , next Sicilie , whereof Rhegium was the ^?'* ^f*' Metropolis, called Bj^sxli* and BperlccvHcc. for the fame reafon, fide sd.pa^. becaufe it was xaTcoJ^t'^?. So Strabo names it alfo. The Ori- iii.m in. ^.^^^ ^^ ^^^ word isn'^^ bar at ^v^\iich. fignificth feverall kindes of trees, Fir^ JJh, Cedar, d^c. ^
The FiSii had divers people under them , whereof the chief were C^/e^/(?//« 5 by whofe name, fometimcs all the Pids were named, although Caledonii properly were thofe of the Pi£ts who dwelt among the leffer hills ; of which hills, fome are called Ocei/; »/<?«/<?/ , in vulgar language Ot-^ei/ hills. The countrey of the Caledenii did begin at Forthy and went Northward beyond Tay , where their chief City- was Caledon, now Dunh^U, b)^ a tranfpofition. In this coun- trey were the Woods c^Wcd faltus Caledonms , or fyl<z/a Cale- donia. The rockie and hillie part of JEtolia in Greece ^ was called by the fame name : and there was there a Town of this name, yea, and a Forreft , fo much Ipokcn of by the old Poets. True it is, That the fecond vowel! is now and then changed, which makes no ditference ', for in words the confonants are mainly regarded. Strabo^ Lib. 10. calleth the one and the other countrey a-Treiavjxai TreTpHeo-^rov, hillie and ftcnieor rockie : the name cometh from ih'^KVs Galeatan^ which is as much as Y^nvoflfctxvg, tmnulH^s ajper , a rough little hill.
Benorth the Limits of the Empire in this Ifland , all people , befide the Piils , were called Brigantes , which importeth as much as In-dwellers of Mountains , or high hills : So you have the Brigantes neer the Lake of Con- fiance, in-dwelling Mountains. On the Jlps in Daulphine you have Brigantium Brianfon , the higheft Town in Europe. The Brigantes of Spain , as thofe of Ireland , of old did inhabite Mountains i and fo did our Brigantes in this Ifland mainly keep upon the Mountains. The name cometh from Briga, Bricdy or Bria, as it is diverfly written : It figni- ficth an high place , or Mountain : Our vulgar hath in- terpreted it Bray ; hence we haply call our Brigantes
Bray-
Q
The l^reface.
Bray-men, whom we call othervvife High-landers,or Kigh- land-men. Strabo tells us , That Lria, amongft the Thraci- <7//j-, doth (ignifie a Town, cr City. And fo the word Brw muft needs come from the Hebrew ht^ lira , Town or Palace, by the tranfpofition of a letter , which is ordinary in the derivation of words , as we have faid a little before. Here, for further proof of the tranfpofition of a letter in a derivatiye word, take this example onely, Duwbartofi^ for Diwjbriton.
C an fabo^t'ih his Notes upon Strabo^ tells us, £rom HeCychi- ^efychiusw- »<r, That Zr/^fignifteth a Village or Town upon a hill: So 7>Vj^' awJ.- hria fignificth not (imply a Town or Village, but fuch a one ^S,?^/' as is builded upon a hill. And trucly , in the moft ancient ""J^^V'^w times, Towns or Villages were, for the moft part , builded upon high places j as any man that hath taken the pains to remark, either by Hiftories , or by confidering the places he may have feen, knoweth. So then Brigantes are men inha- biting the hillsjOr having their Tovvns,Cities,Villages upon the hills. Yea, in old times , when they had not yet fixed their abode certain, they were wont to remove from hill to hill, as we have faid formerly j and to this day fome of our Highlanders do, within their own extent and limits.
The Brigantes in the Continent namely, were fo given an- ciently to take away goods from their enemies with a fi:rong hand, that by fucceffe of time, all thofe that openly did rob and plunder,v/cre called Brigantes : And the French has from hence derived the verb, Brigander^ to rob or plunder. Next, there is a kindc of Armour called Brigantine ^ the ufe and manner whereof is borrowed from the Brigantes j it is like a Male-Coat. Lafi:ly, there is a kinde of Ship ufed at the Sea, called Brigantine, of the middle fize , as being mofi: proper for War at Sea. Thus much for the name of Brigantes.
The Brigantes o£ this li\2Lnd czmc hither from Ireland J at divers times, and upon divers occafions. The Brigantes in Ire- landj by Ptolowie^ are placed well Southward : But thofe that mA Tihlum are come after Ptolomee , I mean thofe of ncerer Antiquity, ^J'""^^ ^"T have placed them more Northerly by many miles j as ye may J'' tenum: Xeeeafily by looking upon F/i^/w/zce his Maps j and OrteliusZim
c his
The T re face.
his Maps of Geographic of the Ancients. So yc ice thiit the Bn^cmU's, at their iirft coming to Ireland from Spain ^ for i.v thence they came , with many other inhabitants of that
liland, dv/elt in the South partsjoiit by.degrecs dtcw North- ward, for convcniency to their wandring coiirfc of life, in* keeping catte]],and bunting,andfor freedom from the trou- ble of too neer neighbors : They went,by facccile of time, fo far North, till at length, having come to the part pcxt unto Britamtie , they came hither, and poffe/Ied thcmfelvcs of the little Iflands and hills next unto Ireland j and finding them- felves fitted in this new-found Land for their pu rpof:-, accor- ding to their minde, they made their abode there, and drew scoto Bri- (^g, jy ii-iore and more company unto them, till at length thev cxHibuiiia in iii2(icnv 3. grcat body or peooic in Britannie ^ and by little fdji'o'Viou- and little c^me all along the Weft fide oiBritannie , keeping tamcominemh ^j^^ ^jjjg ^-jij f[^^.y ^amc to the Pvivcr Belifanj, that is, Tvlnhet. mruvtfine ccm in haticafoire^ and from thence went ftraight Eafrward , till ^dXZfJemnt they came to the mouth oiAhm^ now Humber. Feigufiiim jpijj. North Britaus were glad to give them way, contcnt-
msamresco- ing thcmfclves with the Eaft fide of Britannia minor ( which 5"17/^'« indeed was,and is the beft ) and were glad alio to have them fibi fmnpfmmt. ^qj. ^ Ramoart againft their enemies in theSouth,or in majors pAbHibennx Brita?mia. The Briganies were great enemies to the llo- }itcrc Brigames msMs , with whom thcy had divers Bickerings j but at lafi: qui xircj. Ebo- J.L yjQ^-Q compelled to go Northward , and were hemM in bm,mxgM& [-,y the Vv^all built by the Roraans,bctv»'ixt thcflu'uc iina^now 1 mhs Infu- Tym on the Eaft fide, and Itriiza^ nov/ Eden in Cumberland^ on Mm'"'' ^'^^^ ^"^'^^^ ^^'^^- Although they left the Countrey bcfouth this Bucb, wall, yet the Romans continued there the names ciBrigtntes;
yea,rome of the I>ri(^u'«/ej-, allured by the bounty of the Soyl, did chufe rather to lubmit to the Roman voke, then change their abode , although it was with thraldome. Then, alter many various encounters with the Romans, they were yet conftrained to yecld more ground unto the Romans , who hedged in both them and the Ti Sis northward with a Wall, betwixt Bodotna^ov Forthyind Glotta^ or Clyde. At lafl:, the Romans, by cnnniog, raifed jealoufies betwixt the V»rigantes ^iidFiSis^ andfo not onely withdraws the Fif?/ from the
friend-
\
The ^Preface,
friendftiip of the BriganteSj but makes them joyn with them, to overthrow the Brigades j and taking occafion of the Bri- ^■^wf^j" domeftick troubles, fights with them jyea^ at length, after a bloody well-fought Battell , defeats them, gives the bcft of the Lands they pofleft to the Pi6is^ for their reward. After this the Brigantes were conftrained, for the moft part, (I mean of the better fort ) to retire thence , whereof fome went to the next Ifles 3 fome returned to Ireland^ to their an- cient Patrze -land fome went to the North Countreys beyond Seas , and fo they were for a time diftreifed, and in exile, till after divers attempts, they were reftorcdagain under the con- dud ofFergm the fecond. Here let us remember, That the whole IflandBri^^;/ff/> was firft named Albion^ fromJlbe, or AlpCj which fignifieth /;///, or high place. This word Alhe^ or j^/^£, cometh from ^/Z'.w, white j and this from the Hebrew P^ Lahaiij permetathzfm^ Albdn^ Albifs j e^ Akk^os in Greek i becaufe the high hills and mountains, yea, in the hot Coun- Bmamdmodd tries,are frequently covered with Snow,and fo appear whitej !"*f'^ ""'"{ witnefle the high hills betwixt France and Italy , which , by p'lm/eiKi qua reafon of their highnefie above other mount^jns, are named f^pZ'^bif^i. particularly Alps. The Ifland, when it had given unto it the ?'«'?-'"''««f name of Britannia^ by little and little left off the old name vaUo i/ri^am, of Albon , which continued in the North part of the Kland, 7^,1;^!^^;,, bcnorth the limits of the Empire ; and fo the whole Coun- ^f''""- trey beneath the Hwnber was called; and A Ibion in this ic-'^en'^.m his cond fenfe, in following times was called Eritanma minor , as of hiTiv^w^^' wc have heard; but as the Romans did gain ground upon <^/''^<"."f'"'. te'i' the in-dwellers of y^/Z'w/, or Britannia minor , beating them z.^,'M,thacis/ Northward, they leffened Albion , or Britannia ininor , fo far, ^^l'^\- "^^s^" till they brought them to keep North i)o^(?/r7^ or Forth, i^'mbcr. thea and ulottaj or Clyde. at /,„/;.
Laflof all, the Romans having by their cunning divided the Brigantes and PiSls ; and having drawn the Pz5ts on their fide againft the Brigantes , Albion was taken for that part of Britannia minor^heyondClyde andFor/-/?,which did not belong to the PiSis j that is,the Northweff fide of that hillie Conti- ncnt,with the hillie Iflands adjacent,where to this day dvvel- Jcth our Highlandmen,or Highlanders, who arc the remnant
c 2 of
The Preface.
of the ancient Brigantes. That the ancient name of a whole
oTcat Countiey, as this Ifland is, fliould be conferved in one
corner, or a little portion thereof , may notfcem ftrange,
I have thought fit to tell you , That you have the like in
our neighbour Countrey, of old called Gaule ^ now Frmtce ;
where the ancient name ofCaule^ among the vulgar, is
onely conferved in a little Countrey lying about Sefis ^ of
old, Senones : this little Countrey is called Pays GauloiSj and
Komm infidx is dividcd in Haute^&' baffe Gaule. So it was juditioufly faid
ibA\hodu- by the Hiftoriographer , The name of the li\c Albion is de-
smii veiut in rivcd froHi Albej3ind remams in Scotland^ as it were in its Na-
h^et. tiveboyl.
Buch. Of -i^//je, or y5///?e, fignifyinghill, or high place, you have
the in-dwellers thereof fometimes named Albani , as in Afia^ Dalmatian Italy^ and North Britannia-^ and their Countrey AlhamajCometimcs Albicij Albigois'mLanguedoc\^ and their Countrey Albinm , or Albt , in vulgar language , fometimes Albinij ovAlpini^ And Albienfes ^ as the in-dwellcrs of our Albion^ who to this day call themfelves as they have done of old,&c. which name is one and the fame with Brigantes. Here let us remark , That as the Provincialls or In-dwellers of Britannia fuperiour , fubjedi to the Romans , are ordinarily called by the Writers Britones j fo the others , benorth the Empire, have been called by the Writers Britanni , peregriniy <(^ tranfmarinij ftrangers, and beyond-Sea-men , as if they had been of another Ifland. And truely , if it were not for the Strait betwixt the Rivers afore-named, which did ferve for Border unto them, they were in another Ifland. Hence England is faid to be ifiter qnatiwr maria. Brfgmt' Ttolomeis, Tacitus, and ^'e^et^ tell us , That the Brigantes^ Ptoioms.Ta. inhabited Albion , which when they writ, was that part of ci, ' the Ifland beyond the Roman Empire. Therefore the Bri-
gantes were then Albini, or Albani. Bfigmei circs Morcovcr, the Brigantes about Eboracum, now Torke, were EborMtim fue- q( jj^g Scots , who camc from Ireland, a great and mighty
runt Scotici gc- r> i -' o o ^
vtrii,migni(s' 1 eoplc.
v^i^n.itio. j^y^ Fordon, in his Scoti Chronicon, writes, That the Scots came fo far South as HHmber,2ind poflx^ffed Lands there. Alfo
the f
The Tref^Qe.
the Ifle of Man was for a long time undet the Crown of Scot- land J which Ifle is as far South, as the Countrcy about Xorh^^ although it be Weft ward, and in the Sea. And thcfe were the Bripantes wc now have fpoken of. The Briaantes^ at ^''"^«fff«»» their iirlt coming into Albion , came, as we have laid, with- 7,0 Brigamet in out any certain or fetled way of Government : but being ™""""^** grown to a confide able number or Body, they fent into Jrr/^Wfor Fer^/^<rthefirft, to be their King j whofe (with a new Colonic ) coming into Albion , is reckoned to be about Alexander the Great his time j that is, about three hun- dred yeers before the Birth of Chrift.
The Brigantes^2ilhSjAlbini jfor a certain timc,by fbme have been called Dalreudini ( although this name did not laft T^dnd poji di- long ) from the King Keiida^ who brought into Albion the mol,a/i"m- fecond remarkable Colony from Ireland , after Fergus , l^^'^uJeml'- about 180 yeers before Chrift j that is,about 2 20 yeers after ;'"^f ""« "'^me- FerguSj And jD/?/e, which fignifieth Cotmtrey and Trovince^inAilmmri- as is known to this day : There is a certain place in the Weft 'tfimecaudo- of Scotland^ called to this very day Ridfdale. »« "^rum -a-
We have heard , That the people benorth the Roman "^^ """""' Province,upon the Eaft fide, were originallyBr/W/z/, whence they were called Britanni Pi5ii;znd fomtimes Britamii Caledo- mi^from one of the chief people j fometimes fimply PiBi^ or Caledomi. Alfo we have heard. That the people benorth the Province, on the Weft fide, were come from Ireland^znd cal- led Brigantes^ or Album ; yea, for a time D-alreudini. Likewilc we have heard, That all the people benorth the Empire, by a generall Appellation, were called ^'ctJf/ , where they were all fpoken of together : but when they were /poTien of a- part, thofe of the Eaft were called Scoto-britanni : Thofe of the Weft were called 5'ro/(?-^r/^^«fej- , as we have heard out of Seneca.
Moreover, by progreffe of time, the Irifli came to go un- der the name ot Scots, with thofe of Britannia mifzor, or Al- bion^ who from them had help, fupply, and rccruites, in their ntmmVoa- Waragainftthe Romans and Britans Provincialls. Thus ''""'."'^'^'•* naming the Irifli by the name of Scots, began fome hundred Lol/c"S yeers after Chrift 3 that is, towards the middle Ages. And cT^Sil
c 3 about
^be T^ re face.
about that time Ireland was called by the name of Scotia^ as
Abrahamips Orteliji<s hath remarked , in thefe words 3 /
hwvc obferved Ireland to be named Scotia , by the Writers of the
middle Age. And lb it hath been oblerved by the learned,
That ancient Atithors did never name Ireland Scotia ; as you
yidcfisUer- may fee by thofe who have cxa6lly reckoned up the old
BalTum^ names of //T/^«f/, out of the ancient and Claffick Authors.
piinium,6r' So it was uct faid much amifle by one , That this naming of
Solinum. ' Jre I and hy tliQ name o^ Scotland ^ was firfl: about Beda his
time, who lived in the beginning of the eighth Age. Scali-
^er tells us, That the word iS'^rt'^isno Iriih word, but Bri-
scotmnoncd _ tijlj '^ that is not ufcd in Ireland^ hut m Britannia : what is
cumjedBri- tuc origme and iignihcation ot the word, we have heard
unnimm. bcforC.
As the Irifli began to be called Scots , fo the Ti^s left off to be fo named , now withdrawing themfelves from the Bri- gafites^ov Albini^dinA9iv\\imgm with their enemies thelrifh, by the Writers were called Scoti Hibernienfes, and the Albins were called Scoti Albienfes .-And Ireland was called Scotia ma- jor , becaufe Albania or Albion in thofe dayes , which they cAXcd. Scotia tninor ^ wasof lefle extent. But this name of Scots was not for any long time given to the Irifli ; So that at length the name of Scots became peculiar to the Albins or Brigantes alone.
Laftly , the Albins \i2i\mg fubducd t\\eFiStSj and made them no more a People , communicated into the Countrey, newly conquered by them, the name of Scotia^ as one Coun- trey with Albinia ; and fo all the in-dwellers there, were cal- led Scots^ with the Albins , as one people with them, and fo they are to this day.
Now the Albins or Brigantes being the onely Mafters of Britannia minor jCd.me to be called Scoto-Brita?inij as the PiBs had been of old, and are upon occafioh called fo to this day, to difiinguifli them from the South Britons^ of whom, fome 2ltq. czW^d Cambro-briianni^i\\e: Y^a^ Anglo-britanni.
Although the ancient Brigantes were called by forreigner"? Scoti^ n? mely, by the Bvitons Provincialls, and the Romans, yet they did never name themfelves fo , by this name Scoti j
neither
^he Treface,
neither do the High-landers to this day, in their own lan- guage call thcmiclvcs Scots ^ but Albins. So ScaJiger]\2id. juft rcaion to fay, That Scott was not an Irifti name. As the Hellenes did never name themfelves Greeks ^ although they were lo commonly called by the forreicrners : And the Mifraims did not call themlelves E^jvj?////;// , although for- reigjners named theiji To.
The Scots now adaycs are divided in Highland-men , and Lowland-men: The Highlanders are the true Progcnie of tlic ancient BrigaJttes^ or Albins^ for the moft part, 1 fay, be- cauicfomeare come in later times from other Countreys. And to this day our Highlanders , as the Brigantes of oldj makes main ulc of their Bovv^es and Arrows , in their war, namely, when they are among the hills ^ fo when they praile one for a Military man, they fay,He is a good Bowe-man,and Bray-man i which two Epithites were exprelfed by the anci- ents in one compoibd ^^ovd^Scoto-Brigantes.
The Lowland-men are made up of divers Nations j for a few of them are a little remnant of the ancient FiSls ; other few are defcendcd from the ancient Albins : who leaving the hills, after the defeat of the Fi&s, did betake themlelves to the Low Countrey. Divers from the South parts oi Britan- /;/>, had fled thither from the Tyranny of the Saxons^ Dafies^ and Norif/ai/y , as they did of old. from the Tyranny of the Pvomans. Then the Englifh , being fo oft in Scotland vAth their Armies, have left divers In the Countrey. Alfo Mar- riages, and other private occafions, have drawn fundry men It om England into Scotland. Laftly, fundry of the Low- Countrie people are come from beyond Seas,as from France^ Germany J Hungary ^ Flanders^ Ireland^ d^c. of late dayes : So all being reckoned, they are but few in the Low Countrey come ot the old yilbins^Bri(iantes, or old ViSls.
^hcLow-Countrcy men calls the High-landers Irijhy not fo much for their ancient defcent, as for their language, one- ly differing from the Irifh by dialect ^ and for their wayes of living not much unlike : yet one main difference is to be feen in the a(5i:ivity of the Scots,and the lazineife of the Irifh. On the other fide,the Highlanders calls the Low-Countrey men
SaxmSj
l^be Preface,
Saxons ^ not (^o much for their defccnt (although many of them are come from the Southern people , as we have laid, who area Progenie of the Saxo7is) as for the languagje, which diffcrethonely by dialed from the language of the South, which acknowledgeth the .S^xo« language for its mo- ther Tongue , and for the way of living not fo different , fave that the Scots are harder bredj and confequcntly, more fitted for toyling at War namely, then the Englifh arc 5 for we fee the Englilh to have pain to toyle , and endure Wars, at the firft going to the Field , by rcafon of their tender and foft breeding. The language of the Sowih- Britons of old, was not much different from that of the Gauls^ from whence they came into Albion ; witnefle Tacittfs^ in Agricola his Life ; In noLan- The Gdiils then did fpeak a corrupt Greek,for they are come guageare the Qf fj^e GreeJ{S. Bcfides, many words of the old Ganlois , the thois fo well phtafc and conftrusftion , are to this day in the French lan- Fre ch ^^"^* g^^§^ ^^P^ ' which doth fignific , that of old the Greek was Ipoken in G^«/e, although corrupt grofly by ignorant men without learning, who neither could readenor write. Yet in the South parts of Gaule , ncer the Mediterranean Sea, wherein the Greek Iflands arc, the Greeke was fpoken and taught, at Marfeilles namely. The ancient language of the Britons futfred a great change by the Romans, and other for- reigners, who brought in amongft them their terms of Law, of divine Service, of War, and of Policic, with the names of divers Commodities, and the names of divers Trades.
When the 5'^x(?«j- and Danes came into the Land, they confinedtheremnant of the ancient Britons unto the Weft Countre)^, with their language, fuch as it was left unto them * by the Romans, and other forreigners of old, and with them- felves planted the language which is fpoken in all England now adays,with fome alteration and change. The firfr nota- . ble change happened by the Normatts^ in whofe language the Law hath been adminiftred,&c. The next change is from the hatin , in which language divine Service hath been for many yeers Officiated. Then the Englifh language hath borrowed from all neighbour Nations many words, without any great change 3 fb that the Englifli language is laid to be the quint-
eflencc
The Treface.
effcnce of all neighbour Languages : From it the Scotifli Tongue differs but in dia]e6i , as wc have faid. The High- landers Language, as hath been faid likewifc, is Irifli, which of old was a corrupt Greek alfo'i for the Irifli came mto Ire- land from the North parts oi Spain ^ who {pake a corrupt Greek, as thofe of Gaule did j for the ancient in-dwellers of the North parts of iS'^^/w came alfo from the Greek Iflands. So that of old, the Language of the ancient Britons was not altogether ftrangc unto the Brigantes, or Alpins ^ yea, in this time wherein we live, notwithftanding the great changes that both the Languages have fuftained by time, and Com- merce of forreign Nations, they have many words which are one and the fame, fignifying the fame thing.
Thus much I have written of the beginning, names, way of living, and Languages oi Scotland^ to make known to all, how unjuft andinjurious unto us are fome modern Antiqua- ries of our neighbour Countreys i who firft think they cannot prove their own people to be fufficiently ancient, ex^ cept they take from their neighbour their juft right of gjood Antiquity. Next, they conceive they cannot fet forth fully enough the greatneile of their own Countrey, except they make their neighbours no people at all , or at leafl:, hardly confiderable. Thirdly , they imagine, That they cannot cxtoll and magnifie the glory of their Countrey highly enough, unlefTe they not onely depreiTe and extenuate their neighbours name , but alfo attribute unto themfelvcs the advantages of their neighbours. But if thefe Antiquaries had confidered with the eyes of men , That there is enough to be faid for the credit of their own Countrey, without wronging others , they had not fo fluffed their Books with miftaken and mif-applicd Allegations of good ancient Au- thors, nor with Collection of fabulous and lying Monks tales , wherein fome of them do fanfie Learning mainly to confift. But of this enough.
For this place,I will only adde this : As the Scots,aIthough they be not of. the greateft people , yet they are truely one of the mofl ancient People in £«r(7^e j So I dare be bold to fay, That God (to whole praife be it fpoken) in hisgood-
d neflc
T^he Preface.
nelic towards them hath railed up of them , and amongft them, fo many excellent and vertuous men , in Church and State, in Piety and Learning, in Policy and War , at home and abroad, of old and of late, that few Nations , ancient or moderne, although of greater bounds , can compare with thcmj fewer equall them, and hardly any at all go be- yond them in this 5 for which we praife God, who of the beft thingshath given us the beft meafurc j and fay with the Twi i-iwiiw Hiftorian , That the Land k wore fertile of good men ^ then of
frugumfcucior gOOdfntltS.
But now, fince all former walls of feparation and divi- fion, both ancient and moderne , Civill and Ecclefiafticall, are in a great meafure taken away by Gods bleffing : and iince in fo many refpeds the Scots and Englifli are fo neer one unto another , as wc have faid : But above all, fince they both are members of the true Church and pure Spoufc of Chrifl:Jefus,to the upholding of whofeTruth,and purging of it from uncleannelfe they have newly bound themfclves together as one People, yea, as one man, Let them then, », in Gods Namc,laying afide all excufes, envies,jealoufies, and
by-ends, as feeling members of one and the fame Body, con- cur unanimoufly, with their mutuall and beft endeavours, to fettle the trueWorfhip of God in all true purity, and quiet all things fpeedily with wifedom , to the good of the people, with due obedience to our lawfull Sovereign under God , as we are taught by the Law of God , the Law of Nature, the Law of Nations , and theMunicipall Laws of our feverall Countreys. But to return to the Church.
The Scots, although they received amongft them the light of the Gofpel with the very firft of the Gentiles, as we have faid, yet had they not the Evangel fo univerfally pro- feifed thorow the whole Countrey , till towards the firft yeers of the third Age i that is, till Donald the firft ; who not onely profeffed the Faith of Chrift himfelf, with his Fa- mily , but did his beft to caft out Idolatry wholly from his Dominions,and to fettle the Miniftery oi the Gofpel in eve- ry comer thereof : But this religious King could not bring
to
^he Treface,
to pafle this his good Defigne fully, being diverted by con- tinual! Wars againft the Romans the whole courfe of his life.
After the death of D(;«tf/^, till toward the later end of the third age j that is, to the Reign of Crathilinth^ this work of totally putting down Idolatry , and fetling the Gofpel every where in the Countrcy, by the negligence of the fol- lowing Princes, was at a ftay. In this King Crathilinth his dayes fell out the ninth pcrfecution under Aitrdim , and the tenth under DzWe/?<«», which gave occafion to manyChri- ftians from divers parts of the Empire, but namely from the South parts of BritaniCy now another time to flie into Scot- land for refuge , as they had done before under Domitian. Among thofe fugitives who did then repair into Scotland £ot fhelter from the generall maffacrejWere many excellent men in Piety and Learning , whom the King Craihilinth not onely kindely received , but alfo employed to ayd and help him and hisCouncell in the further fetling of Chrifts Truth in his Kingdom, and in the totall extirpation of Ido- latry out of it i which was fo much the harder work, bccaufe of the Druides^ the principal! falfe Prophets, and Idolatrous Priefts in thofe dayes j who not onely by their fubtill hypo- crifie, and fenfe-pleafing Divine Service , but alfo by a cun- ning forecaft , having drawn into their hands the hearing and determining ofCivill affairs, had fo gained upon thefpi- rits of the poor and fimple people, that they could not ima- gine how tobe without them, and live. Therefolute care and diligence of King Crathilinth and his Councell, with the help of thofe pious and learned men , furpaffeth all difficul- ties i and having put quite down the Groves and Altars under the Oaks, and, in a word, all Idoll Service, eftablifh- edthe pureWorftiip of the true God in everyplace of his Dominions, and filled up the rooms of thofe falfe Prophets, with godly and learned Teachers of the people ; which was done every where thorow the Kingdom, but particularly in the Iflands, which thofe pious men chofe for their princi- pal! abode, as being moft fit for a retired life j and namely, in the Ifle of Man the King Crathilinth caufed to build a
d 2 Church
The Treface,
Church to the honour of our Saviour, which in following times, by corruptions, was called Faniim Sodorenfe , for Sote- t'enfcj the word originall is , crM'TY)^. Hence the Town ncer the Church was called Sodora^ as Minftcr in our vulgar lan- guage, and Mouftier in French^ fignifying a Town, in a fe- condary fignification, neer a Church. Thofe godly men being fctled as aforefaid , and having withdrawn .tliemrdves from the follicitude of worldly affairs, did wholly give themfclvcs to divine Service , that is, To inftru£i: the igno- rant, comfort the weak, adminifter the Sacraments to the people , and to train up Novices and Difciples, to do the fame fervice in their due time. Thefe men, for their finglc and retired life, were called /Hjfa^^oy or Monks, by.abbreviji- tion J andfor their travelling altogether in GpdsWorJliip and Service, were called Co/We/, or O^/t/eej". ' • ; Cuidei vium Thcfe Guldees were fo given to the exercife af devotion, t/fanSalZ. bj thc meditating the Myfteries of the Kingdom of Heaven, ^ciZ'vTmt,3ind by Prayers, that the very Cells. whereinto they had utvitifuncie- inclofcd and feparated themfelves from the world, after rZpu qmm their death were reputed fo many Temples or Chappels '""/'"' Tfet afide for Divine Service i hence to this day Cei7^ is taken /;h.y ;s/?<:m for a Church among the ancient Scots, as you may fee in r«fmw//i thefe compofcd names, Kelmarnoc^ A/^rwc hio Church, Cel- Buch '''""'■ ^atric, Patrick^h'isChmch.
The Culdces thus fetled , as we have feen , did chofe out of themfelves fome eminent men, in piety, knowledge, andwifedom, to overfee the reft , and to keep them to the difcharge of their duty towards the People, and towards the Difciples , with an orderly and difcreet carriage of each one towards another, in their feverall focieties, and in their private. Thefe Overfeers or Superintendents chofen of themfelves, and by themfelves , did difcharge the Duties of their Function, indifferently every where, thorowout the whole Kingdom, without reftraining themfelves to any certain place , or Lording over their Brethren, or any part of the Flock of JefusChrift,not attributing unto themfelves any particular diftinft holy order from the reft, belong- ing
Veteres Scou- Tum Efifcopi e moTiaJlcriif els- cli, cum ddhuc von honorU (^ lncri,fcd fmcii- titis (^ doSlri- vx inter COS ccY' tamen ejfet,fine invidii (3' amuliitme fartium iibi- ciiiiqui ohvene- nt occafio fiiuni munui obibant, vuUif adhiu re- f,iofiibu{ defini- ti<, cum 7iondu7>l fundlio munerk ccckfiiliki cffct qucjluma. Buch.
The Trefacei
jng oncly to them, and to be onely conferred by them. This way of inftruding the People, and governing the Church by CuldeeSj did continue for many yeers, under Gods mercy ^ the Miniftery of Gods Church, as yet, not being be^^ cornea biifineOe of gaiij, and of worldly pomp and pride i So thefe Culd^es and Overfeers of others , had no other emiiU.tion , but of weldoing , nor flriving, but to advance truePietie and godly Learning. The Overfeers or Super- intendents of the Culdees^ were comnionly. called by thd Writejs who writ of thofe dayes, Scotornm Epifcopi , with- out; any definition of place, or preeminence of one above another. But to return to Crathilmth^ who till his dying day,' which was about the 3 1 2 . yeer, did conftantly continue to advance the Kingdom of Chrifi:, as llkewife hisfuccefTor Fheormac; under whofe dayes the Gofpel didflourifli in Puritje and in Peace i iiedied about the yeer 358. Aftei? the death of Fincomtac^ both the Church and State of Scot- iand.fdl in great diforder and troubles, bydomeftick dif- fenfions and fadions for fome yeers. The Roman LieVte-^ nant Maximus^ feeing the inteftine troubles of Scotland^ be- gan to lay hold upon the occafiion. Firfi:, he foments their divifions within them *, next, not onely he withdraws under fair promifes from the Scots their ancient Allies, the jPicirj', biitalfo obtains help of the TiBs to make VVarre againft the Scots, and fo to defeat thera, which he did effectuate indeed in a battell fought with much bloodflied on both fides , at the Water of Dk«, in Carrich^^ wherein the King Ewen was killed ("this defeat fell out about 380. in the yeer of Chrift ) the moft part of the Nobilitie , and numbers of People of thole that efcaped , fome fled into the Weft Ifles , fome into Ireland , and others to the Northern parts oi Germany ot Scandiaj fome fubmitted themfelves to the will and difcretion of the Conquerour, with the poor people that had not taken arms. Among thofe that fled away, was Ethod the Kings Brother, who went: with fundry of the Nobilitie unco Scandia^ where he and they ftayed divers yeers , and from whence now and then they made fecret attempts upon Scotland^ with the help of their Bre-
d 3 rhrcn
The T re face.
thren , retired into the Iflands and Ireland^ but to fmall cffea.
Now as the face of the politique State of the Couhtrey was quite altered and undone , fo the condition of the Church alfo was much difordered , and the Culdees were conftrained to withdraw, and feek flielter up and down, where they could finde anyj namely, they returned into the Ifles, and into Ireland : At laft the jPi^j perceiving by feverall attempts made by the exiled Scots, to return home, and re-eftablifli their State ("although with little fucccflc, as we^iave faid ) that the Scots were fully refolved to beftirre themfelves continually, till they were reftored, and re- eftabliflied in their ancient Inheritances^the PiSis themfelves being moved with the groaning miferies of their neighbour poor people of Scotland ^ now under the Roman yoak, chiefly by their means ; and taking to their confideration, how foolifhly they had fuffered themfelves be fo farre cir- cumvented and deluded by the Romans, as to contribute to the ruine of their old friends 5 by whom, mainly in for- mer times, they had withftood the common enemy , did not onely comfort the poor oppreffed remainers of the Scots at home, but alfo did invite thefe that were in exile to return, promifing unto them the Lands which they had of theirs , and to help them with all their ftrength andcounfell, in the recovery of their whole State from the Roman Tyrants. The exiled Scots under the conduit of Fergwd- the fecond , Con to Ethod^ beyond Sea , gathered all they could, both of their own people, and of their friends , from the places of their exile , namely, from Scandie, and from Irelandl'ike- wife, and came into Scotland^ from whence they chafed away the Romans, by ftrong hand , with the help of the PiSis , who made good their promife unto them , both in aflifting them in the aftion of Warre , and in reftoring un- to them the Land that they had been pofleiTed with by the Romans. The Auxiliaries from Ireland ikzycd ftill in Scot- landy and had allowed unto them the Countrcy oC Gallo- way for their reward } and becaufe they were of the ancient Brigants of Ireland^ fome of the late Writers have faid,
Thk
The Treface.
That the Brigantes of Alhion had ihcir abode in Gallorvay. No fooncr is Fergus Crowned in the fataJl Chair, and fetJed in his Kingdom , but he takes to his firft care to reftore the puritie of Divine Service, which had been eclipfed in thefe bounds for fevcrall yeers j and to this effecl:, he calls fomc of the difpcrfed Culdees of his Country, whom he fettles in their ancient abodes j namely, in the Ifle of lona , where he furnifhed them with a Library of Books which he had gathered beyond Sea, as the Story tells us.
This return of Fergus into Scotland^ fon of Ethody Bro- ther to late Ewm^ fell out about the yeer /^20. The regaining by the Scots of their native Countrey , under the command of Fergus the fecond , will not feem ftrange unto them who have read what they did under the commands of IViUiam Wallace^ and how under the condud oi Robert Bruce ^ they recovered their liberty from the thraldom wherewith they were then oppreffed.
Eivefi , fon to Fergus the fecond , by the counfell and ayd of his Grand-father by his Mother Crame ; did not onely keep his Fathers ancient Kingdom, but alfo did enlarge the Limits thereof, having paiTcd the next Wall oi th^ Romans ^ which by Gr^we tvas pulled down in many places , hence it is called Grantes Dyke j and he poffeffed himfelf, and the fiBs with all the Lands lying an hundred miles Southward , that is , unto Tyne , and kept them till the entry of the Saxons into the Ifland. Next , he took unto his care not onely to feek out the Culdees fugitives, which had not yet returned, under his Father, but alfo he fent for others into the neighbour Countrey o£ Britaine^ and affigncd unto them convenient places for their abode , with a moderate competency of means for their mainte- nance, that they fhould be in no wayes burdenforhe to the people , now looking to have fome refpite from their preffures and grievances. And fuch was the happineffc of thefe dayes, that a very fmall proportion did con- tent the Church-men , fetting wholly their mindes to the eonfcionablc difcharge of their calling, which they did, Preaching Gods Word carefully, truely, and finiply, in- ^ j| ftruiling
The Tre face.
ftrufting the people in the fear of God , and fo gaining their
smU tunc fouls to their Maker and Redeemer. By this their carriage,
cfijimrum they gained very much relpect among the people, who
femh, vm- j^onoured them , as Fathers , Inftruders , and Guidcrs to
Heaven, under God ^ the vcrtuous civill Magiftrate was
the fecondary caufc of this good behaviour of Church-men,
who by his authority kept them in order , and by his own
example taught them to difcharge their duty faithfully,
and live difcretly i But fo foon as the civill Magiftrate left
them to themfelves , then they neglecting their calling ,
fet their minde upon ambition and avarice, and confequent-
, ' Jy upon all evill , thinking of nothing leife, then of that
they were called to.
Here we are to obferve , That as the Scots did conftant- Jy withftand the ancient Romans, and kept themfelves fo free of their yoak, that they neither acknowledged their Authority, nor received any Law from them, although it was not without great ftruggling and hazard,yea,almofl: to their utter ruine , as it fell out under Erven the firft j but after fome few yeers, the Scots under the condu61: of Fergus the fecond , and Erven the fccond , not onely regained what they had loft by the Romans and PiSis, but alfo conquered a great deal of ground beyond their laft Limits, as we have ne^ly faid. So the Scots in Church affairs , for many yceis together, had nothing to do with the Bifhop of Rome, neither made they acknowledgement unto him in any way , neither did they receive an}^ Laws from him j for as they had the Gofpel planted among them , without his help, to wit, by the Difciples of Saint y(7/j« the Apoftle, io they kept themfelves unto the Conftitutions and Canons, fetled by the fame firft Planters of the Goipel amongft them; but by fuccefte-of time, they became to be infeded by their neighbour Nations , with the poyfon of the Pelagian Here- fic. Celefline then B'liho-p o£ Ro?;ie ^ take* occafion to fend unto the Britons, a learned man called FalUdius , to help the Orthodox Britons to convince the Herefie of Pelagim, then fpreading it felf amongft them, which was done accordingly.
. Erven
The Treface.
Erven the iecond , King of Scots , hearing how the Britons, by the help of Palladium, had repreficd the Pelagian- ifme , being moft defirous to purge the Church of his King- dom alfo , where this Pelagian err our had crept in, fends for PaUadiHS ', who with fmall difficulty affiftcd the Orthodox, todifabufe thofe whohad been carryed away hy Pelagian- ifme, and thereafter in a very fliort time, by fubtill infinuati- ons, gained fo far upon the well-meaning Scots , that they confented to takenew Governours of their Church, who were to have a Degree and Pre-eminence above their bre- thren , to wit , the Prelat-Bifhops. Hitherto the Church of Scotlandhs-d been governed by Monks and Priefts, with- out any fuch dignity ^ pomp. I call their new Governour?^ Prelat-Bifliops, to diftinguifh them from their former Over- fee rs and Superintendents of the CnldeeSj who are fometimc by Writers called Bifhops, as they were indeed 5 but they' had no Pre-eminence or rank of Dignity above the reft ; nei- ther were they of any diftinS: Order from the reft of their Brethren. That at this time by PaUadius was brought into Scotland thefe new kinde of Bi(liops , it appears by the re-
lations of the Authors following, thus.
Palladim is thought to be the firft who Buc./.j.inEugcn.cc^teHf
dTi'iT r ^1. ^ ■ r ^i_' J "N Pilladius trims Etifcopos in
e Biihops (^ that is, ot this new order; scotUcTcie.iumJdUufiu*
in Scotlafid 5 for till then the Churches '^.'^^^,f^^'',''*/i'"'^^'/'"^
pK per Monacbos regebatttur ;
Were without Biihops,governcd byMonksj '"'We qmdem am f4u &
..-.i 1 n> •. ^ 1 J ^ ■, excernA pompaJeimiiiorcfm-
'Wim lelle vanity trueiy and o\itvf^xapudtatc0'ftnmmmk.
pomp, but with greater fimplicity and ho-
linefle. -iv^tW
Before him, faith HeSior Boece, Paltadim i-^"^-. 7. df. 18. Em
.i/-nriii I'll 1 11 Palladius primus omnium
was the lirlt ot all that did bear the holy qui facmm imer scom e^ere Maaiftrature among the Scots:being made Mapftr^tum.^fmnmoPmtificc Biihop by the great Pontif or Biftiop ; iov po^uii fuffn^is ex Momcbis. till then , by the fuffrage of the people, the Bifliops were made of the Monks and Ctddees.
John Mair fpeaks thus , Before PaUadius^ ,. ^^■*>- "^*• ^^' P'"*-
J T> • r 1 \^ J ■ 1 r,.n .^ aivaaperSicerittes&'Mont-
OylriejtSand Mon({f, ■without BiJhopS, the cbos. fincEfifiofis,S(otiinfdt
Scots were infimciedinthe faith. trM.mr.
e John
The Treface.
Lib. 4. in Eugenio ». John hcjley faith this, Among us (Scots) fiffugiu TpJcffUchnZn- the Bi/lops were onely defigned by thefuffrage '«>■• of Monks.
Lib.3.cap.t. tAncVii- John o^ Fordort^ \n\nsScots C\itomcUy ladii xdvemum habcbam Scott ^ j^j^ Before the in-coming of Palladius, the
fldci do^oTCf, ac Sacramento- 1 ,r ^ ^ ^, -^ , '
mm adminifiratores fresbyteros Scotshadforleachersoj the Faithy and Ml-
folummedo, vet Momchos, ritus .^ /^,;o j_r>/ »
feqncntss Ecckfi^ primitive, nijters of the b acroments^ tresbyters onely ^ or
Monl{Sj following the Kites or Cujioms of the Trimiti've Church. Mark the later words j for according to this faying goes the judg- ment of the beft Divines, who write the
ingio^a vumi, T>ifij»^ji- truth without an v rcfpea. Whofe minde
Cap. Le^min, In pim* J £
primitrvt Ecciefia. commune John Semeca dccliirc^ thuSy In the frji P ri- turn o§clm, i^rmmina nam mtti've Church the Office of bijhops and ^f'"'«'''/^'<^'Siciac0mmunia: p^^flj. jpos comwoH to the om and the other 5
ftdinfccmdiptrmtruaEcck' J »
(a cxfmnt di^inguKs- nmi- and both the names j«>ere common^and the Office
\ common^to one and the other : But in thefecond
Trimiti've Church , the names and the Ofjices
began to be diftinguif:?ed.
cmw. 14. Cap. 6. tAnte Baleus oi the Briton writers, Before Pal-
fiWidiam Scott habebant fiws . ,. , _ , ;;-i:>/T^ J %/r-
pifcoposic Miniftm ex yerbi udius the dcots had their btjhops and Mint- ^"^S^lCliltfi'^'^ according to the Minifterie of the facred fum.-fedhac Kotnank ^fiatw- Jf ord..chofen bv the fuffrape of the people.after
YimtliribKsnonpUiebam. . a ^ i r \r \ r v Al r ^1 ■
' thecHJtomofthofe of Ah3i: but thoje. things
did not pleafe the Rowans , who hated the Aftatich^. Ad innum 414. Scott pri- Barouim in his Annalls faith this , the
rnu.mEpi(copumaQA^K\.XiO ^^^^^ ^ ^f^^-y £^a JgjOjop fy^ff^ CelcftinC
dceeperunt. o J -' J 1 j
Fontif Roman. Adanmm^^6.Adscotos Frofperiu \ns Chtomc. the Pontif Ce- Fmifrx cckftinuspaliadi- lefti^e fendeth unto the Scots Palladius to be
um mifit EtifcoputH. J -.
their Bijhop.
Ai scotoi inchrifiumcre- Item, 'Vnto the Scots then belie'ving in M 'SliZZTAi^E-Chrifi Palladium is ordamed l,y F^fe Cele- '1 pifcoput mittitur. ftin e, andfent thither thefirH Bipop.
. Lib. I. Piihdimdisco- Beddy in the Hiftory of England , Palla- %r^.'K:t.^Zi:.^^^^^^fintfirnBifiop unto the Scots, by leOinoprimm mittitur Epifif Ccleftine , Fontifof the Romatt Church.
^he Preface.
■**ft-
^M
By thcic Authorities we fee , That the Scots, before PaJ7^- <^i;A5-,had no Bifliops at all j or at leaft, their Bifiiops were not of any diftinft Order from other Priefts and Culdees, by whom they were ordained, and of whom th'.y were cho- ien, as we have touched before : and fo they were rot^'as thofc Bifliops have been with us , in thefe later times.
Next, let us obferve, That the Scots Biihops, fince V^M- dim^ muft acknowledge, themfelvcs clici.cs of the Komfjr. Antichrift, feeing of him they have their beginning* ai:<f- "^e- pendance : although in \v'ords,yea, in fome parr of Doiftrine they fecm to difclaim him , yet in many parts they iliew themfelvcs to be of his Family^ namely, in Government ; for they, with him ,- Lord over the Inheritance of Chrilt, and, forfooth, take unto themfelvcs the name of Lords Soi- rituall, as if they were Lords of the Spirits of men. contrary to Gods Word , wherein we are taught , That the Father and Maker of Spirits , is the onely Lord over them" : or at leafi,' Lords of Spirituall things, again/u theexprclfe words of the Apoftles, who acknovvledge themielves to be oizelv Minifters of the Spirit, and ipirituall things, reputing it the greateft honour in the Vv'orld to be fo. And Pewr ^ who after he had ftiled himfelf no more then co-Presbyter with
ted the Office, it mull be confeiibd, That the change of Go- vernment which hath entred into the Church is not nnmedi- ately from Chrift and his Apofiles , neither by Precept nor Example, but contrary to Chrifts Will and Intention , de- clared in his Word , and according to the inventions of men, fcrving to the exorbitant afFeci:ions of avarice, ambi- tion , and luft j to the fatisfaclion of which , they have do- mineered over the Flock of Chrift, like tyrants, devo.ured the fubftance thereof , like ravening Wolves : yea, what is worfe, they have not onely been negligent and carelcffe to diftribute unto the people the Word of God, but alfo with their might and power have hindered and flopped others to
e 2 make
The Treface,
make known unto Gods people the pure light of his Gofpcl, the ordinary means of falvation i and conlcquently, fb farre as in them licth, by thus ftarving the people of this heavenly Food, fend them to hell. Such were thefe Spirituall Lords ; SeetheBre. who, as they havcencroachcd upou the Spirituall Lordfliip viateofthe of Chtifi: Jcfus over his Flock , andufurped his Authority i mnticy.ui7.yQ.?i^ and oppofed it flatly, under the name of Spirituall Authority and Jurifdiction i fo have they boldly and cun- ningly invaded the Prerogative cf civill Magiftrates , by their Courts and Regalities within the Dominions of Prin- ces where they live : Yea, in fundry places they ufurp the full Authority of Princes, and in others they flatly oppofc it. And all this hath been done, not onely of old, by thole who were called Romifli Bifhops, but alio in our dayes by Bi- fliops 5 who in fome things make a fhew that they difclaim their Father the Fontif Roman ^ whom in their heart they love and refpeci:, as their a£i:ions do witnefle. I
Although by Falladim Prelacy was brought in the Church of Scotland^ and by that means the Government was chang- ed 3 and thereafter immediately by degrees other alterations crept into the Church, yet thofe times after Palladim ^ till the flxth Age, I mean, till Angujiine theMonk, may be faid to be golden times , and pure, in regard of the following '^^- dayes, wherein Church-men , without any reftraint , a^fr-'^^'ji doned themfelves to ambition , avarice, and lufl:, negledtmg altogether their Fundion ^ for in thefe fourth and fifth Ages they were many godly and learned men, who were dili- gent in difcharging the true Duty of a Paftor, as Colombe^ LibthaCj Ethernaft^ d^f. Then Kuitogeme^ who by nick- name was called Mongo ; bccaufe his Mafter Serman fpeaking unto him, uled ordinarily this exprefllon, Mon ga , which in I corrupt French is as much to lay, as My boy.
Palladiu<s havinsrbroua;ht into the Church oiScotlattdV^iQ- rarchie, as we have laid, takes to his next care to provide for the maintenance of this new Degree aiid Order j v/hich was obtained without great difficulty , both of Prince and people, under pretext of Piety 3 but with bad fuccelTe, as by the wofull experience of following times we have found.
Thefe
The '^Preface,
Thefe new Bifliop-Prclats , having pretty well fetled their own condition for maintenance, which although it did exceed much the allowance of former Ages to Church- men , yet it was very moderate in regard of the following - times : Next, they obtained great Lands and Revenues from ^^• Prince and People, for other Presbyters and Minifters, who formerly had been very little burdenfome to the people j for by their own induftry and work of their hands , did provide for themfelvcsj^neceilaries for the moft part ^ by this means, the Prelats tie the other Presbyters and Minifters to them , and fecondarily bring in, by little and little, idle- nefle,artd flackneffe in dilcharging their calling,from whence are rifen all the evills we have feen ilnce in the Church.
After the beginning of the fifth Age , to wit, 521. yeers, in this Ifland began (the old Sattir?ialia of Kome , which was firfr kept in honour of Saturne i but by the SuccefTorsof Jidimt<£far , it was ordained to be kept , to the memory of him, and was called Julia) to be celebrated unto the honour of Chrifts Birth , in the later end of Z)e<:w;/>er. Theocca- fion was this, Arthur that renowned Prince wintering at Torh^ Cwhcreof, he newly had made himfclf Mafter J with his Nobles, bethought himfelf with them , topaffcfomc dayes in the dead of winter in good chear and mirth, which was done forthwith, as it is given out for devotion to Chrift , although , that then true Devotion was very little regarded j for as thefe men did exceed the Romans during thisFeaft in Ryot and LicentioufncfTe ; So they continued the Feafl: double the time that the Ethnick Romans were wont to kept it 5 for the Romans kept it onely five dayes , but thefe kept it ten dayes with their new devotion ; yea, thofe of the richer fort in time following have kept it fifteene dayes. Thus was the |?eginning of the prophane idlcncfle and ryot of Chrifl:mas , now kept twelve dayes with foolifli excefle and ryot. As thefe Chriftmas keepers did mifiiake the way of honouring Chriflis Birth , by this kinde of fotemnity j fo did they miftake the time of his Birth j for the mofi: exad Chronologers tells us, that Chrifi: was born in O^ober^ and not in December.
e 3 The
The T re face.
The Scots retain ftill the old name Julia ^ of thispre- pofteroLis-hoIy -Feail , tor they call it corruptly Jul: Al- though they never kept it of old , not being fubjed to the ^^^ Romans. ilHP^ The French and Italians, in this , are nothing behinde
v„/,:i« offn- with us i for bcfide, That they fhare with us in thefe Satur- ™^tV" nalia^ JitlJa , or Chriftmas ; They go beyond us in ryot and ^ejhiccicbran- foolerics in thcit jB^cc/j^/m//^ , which they Cdill Carfiafal or IvLirdrgras before Lent; which in old time was kept to the honour of Bacchus.
Bat the corruptions that were brought in our Church from Rome in the fourth and fifth Age, were nothing to what was brought in in the fixth and feventh Age, for then was Religion turned upfide down , and fo changed into Superftitious Ceremonies , and Idolatry , authorir- 2ed by falfc miracles, that there was hardly left any trace of true Religion among men in thefe dayes. PaUadius was the firft that acquainted us with Rome , as we have faid , and that brought in Prelacy amongft us, a little after the Idc- ginning of the fourth Age , which he and his Succeflbrs by degrees brought unto a great height, both in worldly pomp and means (ffor the timesj by the inconfiderate , debon- narty of the Prince, and fimplicitie of the people , but not without ftruggling and refiftance, by pious and wife men, for many ycers ; it was the work of Church-men, fet a foot by PaUadius fo till the fixth Age , that is, upon the matter, two hundred yecrs , to raife themfelves to Power, and. Authoiit}-, and Means, whercunto they came infenfibly, fo much the rather, becaufe they were fparing for thefe dayes, to invert the main Do(51:rine of the true Religion, The People and Magiftrate feeing their Religion remaining in its maine, were, without great difficulty, drawn over to give way unto the greatneffe of the Church-men j But when thefe gallant fellows had wrought their own ends, they did fhew plainly what was within their hearts ; for then they declared themfelves to be enemies both to God and to Man , by their vitious lives, contrary to the Laws of God and man ; Their falfe Dodrine, contrary to Gods Word ;
their
< The Treface,
their Tyrannicall domineering over the people j and with- drawing themfelves from due obedience , unto the lawful! Magiftratc. In a word, bydire^ily oppofing God, abu- fing men to their utter mine of foul and body , and fetting up their own inventions for the Laws of God, and men , they were a bringing this height of iniquitie to pafle, about the matter of two hundred ycers likewife, to wit, th^ fixth and feventh Age, although the workers of iniquity did at laft bring their mifchievous defigne t© an end, by the per- miflion of God, irritated againft men for their fins, who not adhearing unto him, were abandoned fo , that they be- came a prey unto Satan and his inftruments, to follow all iniquity j yet, fuch was the mercy of God towards men in thefe moft corrupt times, that the devill and his inftru- ments went not fo cleerlyon with their wicked bufineffe, but they had now and then , from time to time , remoraes and lets in it, by thofe whom God raifed up to bearwit- neffe to his Trueth j and in thefe dayes, fundry of the Scots Divines were very ftout in the keeping of the ancient Tenets and Rites ( which they had received from their firft Apoftles, Difciples to Saint John , according to the Church of theEaftj Witneflethe great ftruglingthey had about the keeping of PafchCjOr EaUer-dny ; for till then, the Scots had kept the day of Pafche, upon the fourteen day of the Moon , whatfoevcr day of the week it fell out on ; the Romanifts called thofe that kept fo this day , quartadecma- ^
ni , and condemned them as Hereticks , and they kept the day conftantly upon the next Sunday following , and not upon a working day j at laft the Scots were conftrained to yeeld in this, as in other Rites, unto Rome. Cnlmany and Coimannusd* divers others Scotilh men, did fo ftoutely oppofe theJ'jfi'S Romanifts in the point of Eafler-day, and in other Tenets , "P"""' '^'»* that they chofe, it being given to their choice, either to fumrimRi,- fubmituntoKowe, or to quit the fetlings they had in th^ JI'.JI^^'''''^ North of England, rather to lofe their Benefices , then to ycild. So ftandingfaft to the Cuftomes of the Scots Church, wherein they had been born and bred , they returijed home to Scotland.
About
The Preface,
About the end of the fevchth Age , men from Scotland^ given to ambition and avarice , went frequently to Kome for preferment in the Church ; and feeing it lay much that way then, they did their beft to advance the defigne of the Romifh Party, wherein all the skill of worldly men was em- ployed,both in Kome^Sc among, the Scots cf that Party^many men went to and fro , between Kome and Scotland ^ to bring the Scots to a full obedience unto Jv<7/;/e, andconformitie ; by name there was one Boniface fept trom Kome to Scotland^ a main Agent for Kome in thefe affairs '-, but he was oppofed openly , by feverall of the Scots Culdees^ or Divines ; namely, by Clemens^ and Samfon^ who told him freely , That he, and thofc of his Party, fludied to bring men to the fub)e6tion of the Pope, and flavery of Kome , withdrawing them from obedience to Chrift ; and fo in plain termes, they reproached to him , and to hisaffiftants; That they were corrupters of Chrifts Do(^rine , eftablifliing a Sovereignty in the Bifliop of Kome , as the onely fucceffour of the Apo- ftles, excluding other Biiliops.^ That theyufed and com- manded Clericall tonfure j That they forbad Priefts Marri- age , extolling Celibat i That they caufed Prayers to be made for the dead , and erected Images in the Churches 5 to be fhort. That they had introduced in the Church many Tenets, Rites and Ceremonies, unknown to the ancient and pure times, yea, contrary to them. For the which, and the like , the faid Clemens^ and thofe that were conftant to the Truth , with him were excommunicated at Kome as Hereticks , as you have in the third Volume of the Cancels ; although the true reafons of their excommunication be not there fet down.
In the eighth Age , the poor people were fo blindly in- flaved and intoxicat with theCup of il(?we, that they thoughtit a truelyholy Martyrdome to fuffer for thein- tereft of il<>we i yet, although mod men had left God, to worfhip the Beaft , in thefe dayes God raifed up fundry great Lights in our Church, as Alcuin^ Kabanii'S Manrm\ih Difciplc, Jolm Scot J and Claitdim Clemens. In this we iliall rcmarkc the conftant goodneife of God towards his people^
who
T^he Treface.
who made his Light fliine in fome meafure thorow the great- eft and thickeft darknefFe , by raifing up thefe men , who did bear witncffe to the Truth , both by word and writ- ing j fo that God did not altogether leave off his people. TheBifliop of Kw/ecaufed to declare AlcHirt (for his Book x)( t\iQ Enchariji ) many yeers after his death an Heretike. So Rome perfecutes the Saints of God , even after their death.
In the ninth Age, both Prince and People, by doleful! experience, did finde the idlenefTe, pride, ambition, avarice and ryot of Church-men , occalioned by the indulgence of Prince and People ; wherefore, at Scorn under King Conjlan- //w the fecond , there was had a convention of States for reforming the diforders in the Church. In this Affembly it was ordained , That Church-men {hould refide upon their charge ^ have no medling with fecular affairs i that they fnould inftrudi: the people diligently, and be good examples in their converfations J that theyfhould not keep Hawks, Hounds, and Horfes, for their pleafure j that they ftiould c^«4^aio Weapons, nor be pleaders of civill Caufes, but live contented with their own provifions: in cafe of failing in the obfervance of thefe points j For the i,time,they were to pay a pecuniary tnnl^ or fine i for the 2, they were to be deprived from Ofjicio and Benejicio. Thus you fee, in thefe moft blinde and confufed times , That refolute Princes and People did oppofc manifeftly the Popes omnipotency , and higheft Sovereignty. In the later part of the fame Age, King Gregory was moft indulgent to Church-men 5 he was fo farre from curbing and keeping them under, that he granted them many things they had not had before. Then in a conven- tion of States holden at Forfane^ it was ordained , That all Church-men ftiould be free of paying Taxe» and Impoft j from keeping watch, and going to warfare. Item ^ They fliould be exempt from all Temporall judicature. Item^ All Matrimoniall Caufes were given over to the judgement of Church-men 5 as alfo Teftaments, Legative Actions , and all things depending upon fimple faith and promife. Like- wife , the right of Tithes , with liberty to make Lawes ,
f Canons,
The l^reface.
Canons, and Conftitutions i to try without the afliftance of the tempordll Judge , Heretikcs , Bla/phemers , Perju- red Pcrfons, Magicians, &c. Laflly, it was ordained, That all Kings following, at their Coronation , fhould fwear , to maintain Church-men in thcle their Liberties and Priviledges.
In thcfe daycs lived a Learned man, called John Scoty firnamed/Er/^iew^, becaufe he was born in the Town of Aire \ he publifhed a Treatifc, De torpore ^fangui?ie Domini in Sacramento ^ wherein he maintained the opinion and do- d.n\\toi Bertram-, whereby he offended highly the Sea of Rome.
In the tenth Age things grew worfe and worfe, The Church-men did fo blinde the King Conjlantine the third , That they perfwaded him to quit the Royall Crown , and take the Clericall Tonfure of a Monk , which he did at Saint Anclrervs j There werefome Priefts in thefe dayes, whodidftrive to have liberty to take lav^^fuU Wives, but in vain. A little thereaftcr,there were new difputes forPriefts marriage ; one Bernet a Scots Bifhop , ftood much for that caufe in a nationall Councell In this Age, although that avarice and ambition, had corrupted, and perverted Religion generally, yet there were conftantlyfome godly men, who albeit they could not openly flop and oppofe the torrent of thefe times , given to Idolatry and Superftition , did in- ftrucl and teach the people , That Chrift was the oncly pro-, pitiation for fin, a^id that Chrifts blood onely did wafii us from thj guilt of fin.
In the eleventh Age , Malcome gave away a part of the Crown Lands among his Nobles, for their good fervice againft the Daties i the Nobles in recompence thereof, did grant unto the Crown the ward of thefe Lands, with the benefit that was to arife by the marriage of the Heir. Untill the later part of this Age , the Bifliops of Scotland y although they had raifed their Order unto a great power and riches , yet they were not diftinguiflicd in Diocelfes , fo till then indifferently, wherefoevcr they came, they did Miniftrate their Fundion , without lording over one par- ticular
The Preface,
ticular place, or calling thcmiclves Lords of any place. The Dioceffes wherein ScotLmd was divided at firft, were thefe, Saint Andrcrps^ Clafgo^ Mutray, Catnes^ Murthlac , or Aber- dcne. The Bifliops of Kome taking upon them in thcfe dayes to be above Kings, and to conferre in matters of Honour, upon Kings, how, and where they pleafed , and fo by this means, to put a farther tye of VafTalage and fubjedion upon Princes. To this cffeft, in the yeer 1098. ordained Kinor E^^^r to be anointed with extcrnall Oyl by the Bifliop of ^amt Andrews ^ a rite, which till that day, had not been in life among our Kings : yet they were as much the anointed of the F^ord before , as they have been (ince , and as any other Princes , who before them had this externall anoint- ing from the Sea of Rome -J although the Romilh Writers do make a greater eftecm of thefe Kings anointed by them, then of others , bccaufe they conceive them to be more their own. Here note by the way, That all Princes what- foever in Scripture-Language,are faid to be the Anointed of the Lord j and fo Cyr^rf was named , although he wa5 never anointed with externall Oyl. Next, although the firft Kings of Ifrael were anointed , as Saul^ Davidj and Solomon^ withfome of the following Kings j namely, where there was any oppofition feared of fetling them in theRoyall Throne; for further Confirmation were anointed. Read diligently the History of the Kings, and you fhall not finde that each one, or every one ot them was anoynted external- ly, although they were all the Anoynted of the Lord. Next, you fhall npte , That the Oyl wherewith Samuel anoynted Saul and Da'vid ( and fo the Oyl w^herewith other Kings were anoynted J) was not an Oyl confecrated , as that wherewith the High-Prieft , &>€. was anoynted, but com- mon Oyl.
The rcafon of the Scripture-phrafe whereby all Princes 'are faid to be anoynted, is this : Anoynting, in firft and mofl: ancient times , was a figne of fetting apart of a man for the Office of a King. Hence, by progrelfe of time, any man that was fet afide by Gods providence to execute the Office of a King, whether he came thereunto by Succcffion,
f 2 or
The Treface,
or by choice, or by Conqiieit , was called the Anoyntedof the Lord, becaufe they h.id the thing fignified by Gods ap- pointment, notwithltanding they wanted thefigne, to wit, theOyntment.
Further we fliall obferve here,That not onely thofe whom God hath fct afide to be Kings , be called the Anoyntcd 'of the Lord i but alfo the people whom he hath fet afide or apart for a peculiar end : So the Prophet , fpeaking of the People of Ifrael in Gods Name, ufeth this expreffion, touch not mine Auoynted : For their fal^e 1 ha've repro'ved Kings.
Moreover note , That as the people fet afide by God are faidtobehis Anoynted, To they are alfo called, A Koyall Triejlhood^Kings and Priejls. Not that every one of the peo- ple is a King or a Pricfi:, thefe being particular Callings, no more then they were anoynted , but becaufe they are fet afide by God as Priefi:s , to offer daily unto him the Sacri- fice of Righteoufncfle, &c. And as Kings were anoynted with Oyl , to fignifie their fetting afide for their peculiar Office ; fo every one of us, being anoynted in Baptifmeby the holy Spirit, isfet afide to do juftice , C^c. asaKing, in QU.r feverall ftation.
: Thus much have I, in few words, fpoken of Kings an- bynting, and how the people are faid to be anoynted, or to be Priefts and Kings, becaufe in the beginning of the fif- teenth Age, fundry were condemned as hercticks, for faying. That cveryman isa Pricflin fome kinde j and that the an- oynting of Kings is now needlcfie , being an invention of Kw/e, to fubjeft Princes unto it.
;■ Some yeers after the beginning o^ the twelfth Age , King. Dafid, befide the BiOiopricks formerly erected , did cre£t the Bidio'pnck o£ Rojfe^ Breachen , Dnnkel, dnd Djmiblane. This debonaire Prince was fo profule towards Church-men, that he gave them a good part of the ancient Patrimony of the Crown: So he and his Succellor^ were neccffitated to* Jay Taxes and Impofi; upon the people , more then former- ly, to the harm of the Common wfalth. In this alio he ivyronged the Church.: for the Clergie being rich and power- ftjll, left their Funflion , and gave themfclves over to all
riot
^Joe Treface.
riot and idlenefle. Till riches made Chuixh-men lazic, this diftinsf^ion in difcharging the Duty of a Paftor, or of the fouls per fcj ant per aliiwi J was unknown. While riches did hot To abound in the Church , Church-men kept more con- fciencein the difcharging of their places.
In this twelfth Age, the Scots, although they had Bifliops ever fince Palladiasy who for a long time did difcharge the Fun6lion indifferently in every place where they came to : And although they had of later times diftinguiflicd the li- mits of the bounds wherein they were to execute their Cal^ ling, byDiocelfes j yet in that Age, I fay , they were not come to that height, to have Primates, Metropolitans , and Arch-bifliops. Wherefore their neighbour , the Arch-bi- Ihop ofYorke, having gained the confent of the Pope, befcir- red himielf very earncftly, by the affiftance of his King, to have the Scotifh Bifliops acknowledge him for the Metropo- litane ; whereunto the ftouteft of the Scotifli Clergic would not confent , but they would depend immediately upon the Pope : and to this effe6l , Legats were fen t from Rome to S cot land\w\io being come hither,and feeing the refo- lutiori oftheScotirti Bifhopstiot to fubmit to thcArchbifhop oi Torke ; and finding their dwn benefit thereby, fheydid exempt and free the Scots Clergic , from the trouble of the Arch-bifliop of Tork^. There was one Gilbert Bifliop of Cat- ties a ^reat ftrusjler for this bufineffc.
About the later end of this Age , fundry Priefts were put from their Office, becaufc they had taken Orders upon Sun- day. In that tinie there vV-as a Synod in Perth of Divines,fuch as they were, who decreed. That Sunday iliouldbe kept holy from all work, from Saturday at mid-day, or twelve of the clock, till Munday morning.
In the thirteenth Age,few yeers after the beginning there- of, divers kindes of Monks came into Scotland^ formerly un- known to the Land 'izsVoniinicaiiSyFrancifcans^JacoblnSjZnd fundry other of that fort of Locufts. In this Age thefe Ver-i mine of Monks did fo multiply every where, that at a Coun- cell at Lyofts it was decreed, That no mors nerv Orders of Mon]i^
f 5 floonld
T^he Treface,
fljottld he admitted or tolerated. But how the Decree hath been kept, we fee in mir dayes.
Next, the Monks or feverall kindes gave themfelves fo to Be2(s;ing , that the people were much eaten up by them, and the poor his portion was withdrawn j which occalioncd a great murmure among the Commons. Upon this, there was a Decree made* then , T^hat onely the Minorites^ Pr^dicantSy Carmelites J and Hermits ofS. Auguftine , fioHldha^/e liberty to beg : Whence they are called , The four Mendicants ; Les quatrsMendiants.
Towards the end of this thirteenth Age fell out that great defolation of the State of Scotland^ occafioned by the Controverfie for the Succeffion of the Crown, betwixt Ba- liol and Bruce , Baliol being "conftrained by the States of Scotland to break the promife he had made to Edward of England y To fubjeft the Crown oi Scotland \into\i\m^ for- judging the caufe on hii fide. After much trouble and mi- fery of War j the State of Scotland receives Robert Bruce, come of the fecond Branch, for King , recalling all the fub- je(3:ion and Allegiance that they had given to Baliol^ becaufe of his unworthinefTe to Reign : who , befide unfitnefie to bear rilk over a Military People, had bafely condefcend- ed to enflave that Nation, to whom their Liberty hath been fo dear to this day, that for it , and the purity of true Reli- gion, which both, by Gods mercy, they now enjoy , they have willingly and cheerfully undergone all hazard of life and means ; judging , That if they fufFered thefe two twins, Liberty and Religion, either to be infringed, or taken from them, they had nothing left them, whereby they might be called men.
The remarkable Hiftory of King Joines thefirft o£ Scot- land, fitteth this purpofe very well. The PafTage is this : King y^;;zej" the firft going into France , was taken by the Engliih, and kept prifoner by them for many yeers. In that time the King of England goes to Fnmce, to make Warre ; and at his arrivall there, he findcs an Army of Scots ready to fight for the AUiay o£ Scotland, the French King, againfi: the Englifii. Upon this, the King of England moves King
James,
The Treface.
James^ whom he had taken along with him , to write unto the Scots, and to charge them, upon their Allegiance , not to draw their'Sword againfl: the party where he their King w as in perron. The Scots aniwered , That they were fent into Fnwfe to alliil: their Alliays againft the common ene- my . As for him who writ unto them, fince he wasapri- ioner, and not a freeman, they neither owed him Alle- giance, nor would they give him any, fo long as he was in prilon j but if he were let at liberty, and were living among them, they would obey him according to the Laws of the Countrey ; fince the Crown was fctled upon him by the confent of the States , and fo they did j for thefe Kingdoms were governed in his name, without any com- munication with him , during the time of his imprifor.- ment,which was very long 3 but when he went home, he was received and obeyed as King. From this Princes may learn , that although people do fubmit themfelves to their Govern- ment i therefignation isnot fofull as to deveft themfelves of all power in fuch a way , That the Prince may difpofc of them as he thinks right or wrong , he ordinarily being mifled and kept captive, by thofe that are about him j wh^ for the moft part ^ have no regard to the publike good, nor to the credit and efteem of him, to whom in {hew they profelfc themfelves fo addided ; the people have con - itantly referved even unto themfelves by the confent of all men, yea,of the greateft Court-parafites and Sycophants of Princes , that the Prince cannot, nor ought not to enflave or fubjeft the people to any Forreign Power j and wbcfe Princes by Pufillanimitie and ill counfell, have cfl'ayed or attempted fiTch a thing , they have fmarted for it ^ witnefle Baliol, who not oncly was excluded hinifclf from the Crown , but alfo his Pofterity j and it was fctled u^n the next Branch, to wit, Robert Britce^ with his dcfcendentSy where it continues to this day by Gods providence. Then fince the people have referved this power in themfelves, to ftop the Prince, to put them under any. Forreign yoak or (lavery ; is it poffible , That they have not referved a power to right themfelves from domcftick, andintcfiine flavcry,
and
...3%^
The "Preface.
andmifcry, (lavery being ever one and the fame ? For what is it to me by whom I fufFer evil of one and the fame kinde and degree, whetherit be by a neighbour, oraftranger, a forrcigner, or a con-citizen ? yea, when I fufFer by him who fliould be my friend , and ftand for the fame Freedom with me, my fufFering is the greater.
To thispurpofeyouhave a memorable Paflage o£ Willi- am the Norman j who ^ although he had invaded £»^/^«^ with the Sword, and by it had defeated him who did oppofe him for the Crown, with all his adherents and party , and in confcquencie of this Vidiory, had committed many out-ra- ges with a ftrong hand 3 yet the fame William could never affure himfelf nor his Poftcrity of the Allcgeance of the People, till hehadfwornfblemnly (according to the Rite of the times) for himfelf and his. To govern according to the good and approved Laws of the Land, as the beft Kings before him had done.
Then the County of Kent, in its own name, and in the name of the whole Kingdom, declared , That neither Kent^ nor any other of the Kingdom , was conquered , but in a peaceable way did fubmit to William the Norman , upon Condition, and with Provifo , That all their Liberties, and frccCuftoms in ufe and prafiice, fhould be kept. If this was not accompliftied afterwards, it was fillincfle of the Peo- ple that fuffercd rhemfclves to beabuied, and the fault of mifled Princes, mat did not keep their promife whercunto they were tyed : And fundry, for the breach of this promife, have had occafion to repent, when it hath been too late.
We fhall adde one example more, which is, of Henry the eighth J who, anno 1525, the feventeenth yeer of his Reign, by the advice of his Councell , put a Tax upon the peo- ple ; which the people did not onely refufe to pay , but de- clared , That the thing was unjufi: and unlawfull. Withall, wherever they met thole whom the King had employed for the gathering the money, they ufed them fokindely, that they did never come twice to one place for the payment of the Tax. The King feeing this, he difclaims the Im- pofition of the Tax, andfo do the Nobles that convened
at
T~he Treface,
at Londoftj by h-is Command, for that purpofe , and layes all the fault upon ill counfcU, namely, upon Wolfey. This was He«r)f conftrained to do, notwithftanding his refolutenefTe agdinft all forreign enemy , chiefly the Pope, with his fliave- lings. By this inftance, He«r)/ acknowledged his power to be limited, and no wayes arbitrary : Againfl: the do(5l:rine of our now Cout-parafiites.
Now if the People have this much power in them, as to ftand for their Temporall Liberty,both againft forreign and domeftick flavery j far more may they , and ought they , to defend the Spirituall Freedom, which Chrifl: , havihg pur- ehafed with his Blood, hath left them, as Members of his Church. But all this defence of Liberty and Religion ought to be made fo , that it be without by-ends, finiftrous relpeds, of hatred, malice, ambition, &'c. The onely fcope and main drift being , To have Gods glory, in the Light of hisGofpel, fetled and maintained. The People at quiet, The Prince obeyed, in God, and for God (i-e.) according to the Law of God, Nature, Nations, and the Countrey or Kingdom, fo far as polfibly can be. This being lookt to carefully, there is no gap opened to Rebellion j which is a fighting againft Gods Ordinance, andnot the juft andne- ccffary oppofing of the abufe and corrupting of the good Ordinance of God.
But here a Court-flave will lay , If things be fo , there is no abfolutenefTe in Monarch? and Princes ?
To anfwer this, we muft know what is to be meant by ab- folnte^or abfolntenes ; whereof I finde two main fignifications. firft, abfolute fignifieth perfect:, and abfoliite/iejje perfedion ; Hence we have in Latin this expreflion , FerfeBnm eUomni^ buf, nnmens abfoluUtm. And in our vulgar Language we fay, A thing is abfolutely good , when it is perfectly good. Next , abfolute fignifieth free from tye or bond j which in Greekis ^-TsAgAvju-gVof. Now, fay I, \^ you take abfolute iot perfe6t, that Prince or Magiftrate is moft abfolute , that h moft perfed, who governs mofl: abfolutely, or mofl perfe£l:- ly. The abfolutenefTe of perfcdion of Government confili^s in its conformity to the perfcd Rule which is written in the
g Law
The 1^ re face.
Law of God, printed in the heart of man, received gene- rally of all wife People , and in pra£i:ice by all particular well-poliflied Common-wealths. Next, I iay, if you take ahfolute for free from tye or bond , That no Prince nor Ma- Sjiftrate is free , for every Magiftrateor Prince, as well as the private man, is bound to keep the Law cf God, of Na- ture, C^c not onely in particular things, for his own Angu- lar carriage, but alfo in publike bufinefles, for the good and fociety of men, or of the people : for God hath given his Law, and Nature her Didates to all , to the obfervance of which all menaretyed. Yea, farther, they are not onely bound in their feverall Conditions , and tyed to the perfor- mance thereof in their own perfons ; but alfo are bound to further it with all their might, and take away all things that may lett and ftop this performance,or deterre and withdraw men from it. Read Leruit. 19. 17. where every man is commanded to rebuke his neighbour, and ftop him from finning. Read Dettt.iy .1^,20. where the King is command- ed to have continually the Copie of the Law before him for his Rule and Guide. What is in i Sam. 8. 10. is what a King is likely to do , and not what he ought orflioulddo. This is cleer ; for in the place now named , in Deitteronomyy the King is told what he ought to do j but that he is faid to do in Samuel^ is contrary to the Ordinance of God. Confer the places, and vou will eafily fee this truth. Next, a Prince is faid to be abfolute , that is , not in any kinde fubaltern to another , and whofefubjeds acknowledge (under God) no other but him. Hence you may fee , That the Popifli Kings and Princes are not abfolute j for, befide the great number of people within their Dominions who are immedi- ate fworn vaffalls to the Pope , I mean , the Shavelings ; The Prince himfelf takes Oath, at his Reception, To up- hold the over-ruling Government of the Pope, under, the masked name of Spirituality ; and the fimple abufed Prince fhallhave for a reward, to make up all, a little holy Oyl to anoynt him, and bear the Title of moft Chriftian or Ca- tholike Princes. Farther, I fay , That the Prince, who al- though in fome things hath caft off the yoke of this god
upon
T^he Treface,
upon earth (for fo is the Pope now and then called) but keeps up a part of his tyranny in the Church of God over his people , wants and lofes fo much of his abfolute- nefle, for this tye upon him from a forreign Prince,the Pope. But here the Pope fliewcth the height of his cunning i for he feeing that Princes are told frequently, That they are ei- ther abfolute, or ought to befiiciij bethinks himfclf to keep up his'fuper-emincncy above Princes, ashis vaflalls, and yet make the Princes fmdc an abfoluteneffe j which he adis by his EmiiTaries, and their inferiour inftruments, for their own private ends , whom he makes inculcate in the ears of Prin- ces, That their abfohjteneile confifteth in doing with the Life, Liberty and Fortunes of the People, as feemsgood in their eyes, without any regard to the good of humane So- ciety, which is the true End of all Government : But with thisProvifo, That thofe who have relation to him imme- diately,be exempted : and thefe are not onely his fliavelings, who are openly obedient to his commands and orders, d>c. but alfo thofe, yea, in Kingdoms where his name is in a kinde rejected, who keep up his tyrannicall Laws and Ordmances, as we have felt of late, namely, in thefe Dominions where- in we live, toourwofull experience ; for they, to uphold and encreafe their power , have caf): both Prince and People into great troubles, making the Prince believe , That with- out them he hath no being.
But to (hew thee that Princes may ufe the people commit- ted to their Charge like beafts, and yet neverthelcfle are not abfolutc, cafi: thy eyes in the neighbour Countreys onelv upon the Duke of Sa'voy , and the Duke of Florence 3 who, although they be Sovereigns in a kinde over the people, and deal moft hardly with them, taking their Lives and For- tunes away at their pleafure , yet they are not acknowledg- ed to be abfolute Princes i for they are vaffalls of the Em- pire, and their chief titles are to be Officers thereof: So the Duke of Sitvoy is qualified Vicar of the Empire,»dNf.
If you confider the Prince, and people committed to his Charge, as having relation one to another, I fay, they are both bound one to another by Duty j the Prince firft bound
g a to
The Treface,
ro rule and govern according to the Law of God, of Nature, of Nations, and Municipal! Laws of the Countrey and the People is bound to obey him accordingly : but if the Prince command any thing againfl: thcfc, his commands arc not to be obeyed, God being onely he, to whofe commands Obedience is {imply due,and to be given i but to men, onely obedience with limitation, and in extcrnall things, ac- cording to the Laws To oft above named , at the leaftnot iigainli them, or oppofite to them. The Chimera, or rather Solxcifme in reafon of paffive Obedience, is not to be thought on among rationall men , it being the invention of Court-parafites, ameer nothing, or non ens , for Obe- dience confifteth in action, as all other vertues do , and not in fuffcring. Farther , whofoever , for not obeying a wicked command of a Superiour , fufTereth , if he can ft<i>p it, or fliun it, is an enemy to his own being, wherein he offends againft nature j for you fee every naturall thing fliriveth to conferveit felf againfl; what annoyeth it J then he fins againft the Order ot God, who in vain hath ordai- ned us {o many lawii:]] Means for thepre/ervationof our Beingjif we fuffer it to be deftroyed, having power to help it. But then it will be demanded j What, is there no abfolute- neffe in humane Authority ? I anfwcr, fimple abfolute- neffe there is none under God j For all humane Authority is limited by the Laws aforefaid , and extends no farther then extcrnall things i yet comparatively humane Au- Read aTiea- thotity is faid to be abfolute , when it is free from any For- tife,written in reiofnc Supcriour Power. So when Henry the eighth , anddcdic«ed having caft off the Romifh yoak, and putting down the to the King yafTaltage of thefe his Dominions unto the Pope , caufed
by fohi Vic- \ ^ , , . r ? 1 r T T- • A
^wKZ'^*^"- divers Books to be written or the abloJute Lmpireor Au- E'priiJ?' thority of the Prince i although, after the freeing himfelf St' iiurn ^"""^"^ '■"^^ Pope , he had not, nor did not pretend to have mighton his any more abfolute power over the people, then he had be- kd?h?Ror^^ fore i but,albeit this Prince did much for the regaining rox. written ^^^ abfolutc Authority to the Crown again, in chafing
inEnglijh.zm / , , ,. , . " r 11 • r
dedicated to gway the Romifli Pontirt, yet, he did it not mlly, in lo KingH^r,. ^^^^^ ^^ ^^ j^^^^ ^. jj ^.j^^ Ro^iifli Pvites , and theHierarchy ,
or
The ^Preface,
or Prelacy, wherein the Roniifli Fox lurkin.a, hath kept himfelf in thefe Countreys unto this day i and now having aded the f'ox long enough , he is acJiing the Woolf by de- dcftroying the people of God 5 if the Succeifors of King Henry had not kept in the Roniifli Snperftitious Rites and Hierarchy, they, and we all had had better times, then we have all tafted of. Although King Hewjy for his Vices, be blame worthy to all pofterity, yet I muft fay, in all humane appearance. That if the Prelat-Biihops, to whom he trnftcd the reforming of the abufes of the Church, had been as forward, as he was willing , there had been a better Refor- mation then was in his time , witncffe this inftancc , The People defired freeclome to read the Scripture , the the?t Bijhops refufed this unto the People. Whereupon the King WAS petitioned in the name of the People , the King grants their Petition j the Bifliops hearing of the Kings grant, thus limit it , not daring to deny it flatly, That all Gentlemen fjottld ha'ue liberty to read the Scripture., fmce it was the Kinas fleafnre , but for others , the permilTion was flopped : As if Yeomen and Tradcfmen, had not as much intereft in Gods Word , as Gentlemen. Then remarke all thofe that were put to death for the tcftimony of the Truth \n Henry the eighth his daycs , were perfecuted by the Bifliops of the time, although the blame lieth upon the Prince ; for albeit they had in compliance to the King renounced the Pope by word of mouth, yet in efre61: they kept up his tyranny, by his dodrine Cwith fmall alteration changed) his Rites and Ce- remonies, Canons and Laws, Prelacie or Hierarchie main- tained : And feeing the King fo oppoOte to the Pope , they condcfcended that the King fliould bear the blafphemous Title ot the Pope, Head of the Church ., although with re- ludancy : and fo it proved 3 for notwithftanding all the Sta- tutes that were made in favour of this Title taken from the Pope, and attributed to the King , the Bifliops with cunning and fubtill proceedings, kept a foot the power of the Pope ; and fo foon as they faw the occafion of Queen Marie her Reigne, they freely .and eafily brought all back again to Kome y without Maskc or Limitation : and ever fince,
g 3 ■ their
^
The T re face.
their racceflorsyalthoiigh by the courie of affairs (they) have been obliged to difclaim the Pope his authority^ yea, and his dos^rine in fomemeafure^ yet they, everfince, to this day, have exprclled their inclinations, and done their endeavours to return thither again, as we all know by dolefulJ experi- ence. But here it may be demanded , What drift or policie can it be in the Bidiops , to defire to be fubjed to Koine^ rather then to their Prince, and Laws of the Countrey > Theanfwcris, The propcnfitie of us all , to follow evill rather then good, is known, namely. When the evill hath the mask of v/orldly dignitie, pomp, power, andpleafure, which hinders it to be Icen in its own colours. Now the Bifliops and all the rabble of that corrupt Clergy, are given to Tcmporall , howfoever unlawful! advantages, as their ambition, avarice, and luft, from the very beginning hath fhewn ; which exorbitant paflions lead men head- long , without mcafure , when once way is given UU'^ to them, unlcfle they meet with fbmelett or ft op, which is both lefler and flower, when it is afarreofF, namely, when it cometh from one who is pofleflTed with the fame di- liempers, and himfelf of the fame order of men with the Delinquent ; andfo the Bifliops of this Ifland, had rather have to do with the Pope, then with the Prince.
Firft,Becaufe of mutuall infirmity the Pope proveth more indulgent then any Prince.
Next, The Prince is too necr them , andfoit isbeft for
them to be fo free of the Prince his Jurifdi6iion , that they
may be able not t)nely to negled him, but alfoto oppofe
r.tiiMmhew him. For all , let that example of the Canterbury-i^veXzt
ehe'S.^^'^ferve j who made the King for the time to hold the Stirrup
when he gat up upon his horfe. The Story is known.
I called a little before the Title o^ Head of the Churchy ufed by the Pope , and then given to Henry , blaJphemoM. Tolayafide all other things that may be allcadged againft this Title , I fli^l onely iay this j The Church is the Spoufc ofChrift: NoSpoufecan be laid to have any other Head, buthim whofe Spoufe flie is. Now if the Church fliould acknowledge her lelf to be the Spoufc of any other but of
Chriflr,
The Treface,,
Chrift, (he were a profcfled Whore and Adultcreffe. By- no means then a Prince is to be called, The Head of the Church : For although the civill Magiftrate is obliged, ac- cording to his rank and place, to fee theMinifters of the Church do the work of the Lord, truely, diligently, and carefully, and to make them do it according to the Will of God declared in his Word 3 yet for all this , he is nothing but a fervant, overfecr, or graff, and not tho-Head^ which, is a Title belonging onely to Chrift j wherefore, Princes or Magiftrates, that by flavifli flatterers had this Title given un- to them at the firft , had done well to rejefl: it , as their Succeifors, who have followed, had done well likewife, Caccordingto God his Will ^ if they had not fuffered this Title to have been continued unto them , namely, in the publike prayers, where the time-fervinginconfiderate Mi- nifler prayeth, in the name of the Church, for her Head; if the Head of the Church needs to be prayed for, then the influences of the Head, upon the Church, will be but poor . and weak, &c. But of this enough for this place.
Moreover , The flattering Preachers, unrequired in the publike prayers in the name of the Church , call the Prince forfooth , The Breath of our Nojirils ^ taking for his ground, the words of Jeremy^ in his Lamentations, Chap.j^. <verf. 10. Which words, by the Current of the Ancients, and Sep- tuagint , are to be underftood of Chrift Jefus j True it is. The Kabbins have interpreted the words of one of the Kings of Jtidah , to wit , JofiaSj or Zedekjas 5 and hence fome of the later Expofitorshave explained thefe words, Thatfrjl and literally they may be applyed to one of the Kings of Judah , who were all figures of Chriji to come , hut principally , and mainly the words are to be underftood of Chriji Jefus , by the confent of all ; Soto attribute thefe words to any Prince earthly, cannot be without ofl^ence to Chrift ; For who can be faid properly, and well. To be the Breath of our Nojirils^ but he, who infpireth into us life, that is God. In like manner, the inconfiderate Minifters of the Gofpel, abufing the Text of the eightieth Pfalm , which, by the confent of all, is underftood of Chrift truely, and of Da-z/id^ as a figure
of
The T^reface,
of Chrift to come, call the King, T^he man of thy right hand, this in no wayes, without Blaljphemie, can be attribu- ted unto any earthly Prince ; for none is to be faid a figure of ChrifV, as Da'vid, and his SuccefTors were by a particular ' difpcnfation. But if mifapplying, and miftaking of Texts quhlljirf" ^f Scripture will do bufinelfe , fince Magiftrates are faid to be gods , you may as well call the Prince god , as the Roman • Emperour was of old by fome fo called, and now the Pope, by his Court-parafites : which Titile of god, no Prince will fuffer to be given unto him ; Surely, as it is a very great crime, not to give due refped , reverence, and obe- dience unto him , whom God hath fet over us for our good, according to his wife Ordinance ; fo on the other fide, it is a huge fin to Idolize the Prince, making him a god, when he is but a weak, and infirme man, fervant of God. This fecond fault is committed chiefly by the Sycophants and Parafites, who have no other Church, nor Chappcll , but the Court, and make Petition to none, but to the King, whom to pleaie, they wholly ftudy, that they may catch fomewhat to fatisfie their inordinate defires. And the firft is committed , namely , by their prelaticall Clergy , who withdraw from the Prince a great part of his due , when they ftudy to exempt themfelves from his Obedience , and take from him any inlpedion upon them , namely, concer- ning the difcharge of their calling , although by Gods Or- dinance it be a main part of his Office , to fee God fcrved, and worfhipped, according to his Will revealed in his facred Word.
Wc have a little above feen, how that by the flattery of fome Court-preachers , the cuftome is brought into the Church, to give unto the Prince, not oncly fwelling, but blafphemous Titles in the publike Prayer, that is made by the Minifter in the name of the Church j but although, this be too great an evill, and requireth Reformation, yet the flattery of fome Preachers hath not ftayed here ; for they, according to their cuftome, having addided themfelves to any one, whom they conceive may help them to prefer- ment , fticknot in the pulpit, where all relation fhould be
laid
The Preface.
laid afidc, fave that of a Minifter of Gods Word, to publilTi themfelves, yea, in their Prayers , to be varletsto this man, or that man ^ and, what is worfe yet, in the Prayer they call their Maftcrs and Lords V^ertuous , Pious, and Religious, when it is known to all , That for the moft part they have little Vcrtue, lelle Piety, and no Religion at all. To hare pointed at thefe things , fliall fuffice for this place. If any man wiil be contentious for thefe pradiccs, I anfwer him^^ That the wel-Reformed Churches have no fuch Cuftoms^for among the other abufcs whereot they have been purged, by the care and diligence of the faithfull Vine-drcffcrs , under Gods blefling , they have been pruned of this rotten Bud of flavifh flattery , as a corruption much oppofite and contrary to the dignity and power of the Gofpel. But let us return, after this Ions Digreffion.
In thcle dayes ( that is, in the thirteenth Age) lived Mi- chael Scot^ renowned for his Learning in Phyfick, Aftrono- my, &-C. He is rcmembrcd by Ficns Mirandida, and Com&lms Jgrippa^ very honourably. Alfo then lived Thomas Ler~ mouth-, commonly called , The Kythmer ■■, whofe Predidions are extant to this day : But no wife man can make any thing of them, more then of Merlin his Prophefies, who lived lonof before him 5 although fundry have pleafed their fanfies with idle Expofitions of thefe two mens dreams.
Towardsthccndof this thirteenth Age,thegood Roman Pontif Boniface the eight, making ufe of the havic moans and complaints that fome oi Scotland^ namely, of the Bifliops and other Clcrgie-mcn , with their clients, made againfi: King Jope3/E^ Edivardol England^ who then did cruelly a ffii6t the Coun- '''.^^'=«"fo trey , claims a right unto the Crown of Scotland, as re- SKSf- figned unto him by the States : And upon this he writes an *^?P > ^T
• r 1 • r 1 r II r I • -r. . terbury ior ihi
miulting Letter,and hill of threatnmgs,untoLr/«;^;r/,that he timt/mfohn was fo malapert as to do any wrong "to his vaflalls and fub- ,^!ctmS«r jc6}:s, where he had none,trueIy,fave the Bifliops, and Shave- lings, with their clients. Whether the Clergie did make this offer of fubje6J:ion unto the Pope, or whether he did falfly invent this lye, we cannot tell, but it is betwixt the Pope and his fhaved creatures 3 fuchmafter, fuch men. Let this
h ^ teach
The Treface,
teach us, how the Popes are , and have been , and will be ever conftantiy ready watching at all occafions , to draw all things to their Croile. But this owning of the Scots by the Pope for his peculiar people did not laft long ^ for in a very fliort time thereafter , notwithftandnig the great ignorance of thefedaycj, the Scots fliewed thenifclves refradaries to his holy Orders j and he, in revenge, did thunder the fire- bolts of his Excommunication agiinft thcfc rude fellows, putting them to the Intcrdi(51:, all to fmall purpolb j for by thefe Bolts they were but very little dallied.
We have heard how that in former times the Church of Scctland was ftrvcd by Culdees , and they ruled by their Presbyteries or Elders , having a Moderator, or Prefect of themielves, and of their own chudng : This was for ma- ny yeers. When Pall^dim brought in Prclacie , a new ho- ly Order, into the Church oi Scotland ^ unknown to the preceding Ages , it was with this Reftraint , ThatBifhops fliould be chofen by the Culdees , and of them : But when Biftiops had once gotten certain Dioccffes and Limits alot- tcd unto them, they fetup anew Presbytery of their own, or Councell of Canons or Regulars, which they called Cha- pters j by whom they intended to be chofen in following times. The Culdees feeing this, did oppofe it with their main ftrength, naiycly, under King Da'vid^ who did take up the bufincflc thus ( being carried away by the Prelats) That fo many of the Culdees as would be Canons, fliould have hand in the chufing of the Bifhops. But the Bifliops, to elude this Ordinance of the Prince, obtained a Mandate from the Pope , That no Culdee fhould be received in the Convent of Canons, but by the confent of the Prior, and moft part of the Canons. By thefe means the Culdees were kept out , and deprived of their voyce in chufing of the Bifhop. In the time of the troubles of Bai/oUnd Britce^ one William Cttmin^ Prefed of the Culdees, thinks it fit for to beftir himfelf , to trie what he could regain upon the Ca- nons ; and fo he oppofeth the Election by the Canons of one William Lamherton to the Sea oi S.Andrews :T\\Qhni\- nefl'e being come to a great height , by Appeal was drawn
to
l^he Treface,
to R«;/e,where,after much debate ^royi?iw^,time and moneys employed, the holy Y'dthcv Boniface the eight pronounces fen- tence, in favour of his dear Clients the Canons , and fo Lam- berton is made Bifliop, and confecrated by the Pope Boniface . Thisfa61: turned fo to the difgrace of the Cnldees , that after that time we rcade no more ot them^fo the Name and Order by little and little came to be quite cxtingui(hed , about the beginning of the thirteenth age.
In the beginning of the fourteenth age , the Order of the Templets was put down , whether for their juft demerits, or for private ends and hatred, we leave it to the Hiftories of thefe times , Pope C/ewe;// the fift by his Bull did cafhier them, the Bull beginning thus, Ouanquam dejnrenonpoffu- mu^ ^taffienpro phmutdim poteftatis diSium Ordi?]ein reproba- WJi^^<<b^c. After which all Chriftian Princes did caufe them to be apprehended in their feverall Dominions , and put them from their eftates , which was then given to Kolpital- lers and Knights of Saint y(?/j« , after they had flood about two hundred yeers,inftituted by Baldonin King of Jemfalem^ for defence of that Citie and Temple , and the fate convey- ing of all fuch as did travell thither : They are alfo called Red friers, becaufe their Gownes were Red. In this four- teenth age did flourifh the great Scholafti<^ Johannes, called Scotusirom his Nation, and Duns £rom the place of his Birth, for he was born in the Town of Duns in the Mers ; he was a g;reat Oppofer oiThomas ofJquin his Dodrine j his Sectaries were called Scotijis, his Epitaph was thus :
Scotia me gen Hit J Angliaftifcepit,
Gallia edocuit, Germania tmet. In the beginning of the fifteenth age there was a great Schifmein the Romifh Church, Pope againfl; Pope; yea, fometimes there were three Popes at one time fighting one againfl another , and excommunicating one another , this Schifme lafted about thirty yecrs , and by the Coun- cell of Conflance Martin the fift was made Pope, and the refl defeated : There was one John Fogo, a Monke oiMilros, who in Scotland defended the Ele6i:ion of Martin by the Councell,againft BenediSi, alias, Feter de Lntte.
h 2 During
l^he Treface,
During this forenamed Schifme, many(caking occafion of the opcnneil'e pf the times ) began boldly and freely to ipeak againft the bad Doftrinc , Government and Lives of the Church-men, and that not only in private difcourfe,hut they alio preached it publikely, as "John Wichl'i^e in England ^ John Hhs and Jerome of Prague in Bohemia^ who fpoke before the people freely of the Tyrannic cf the Government of the Clergie, the corruption of their Doctrine, and wickedncife of their lives. In thofe daves alfo there were fome in Scotla/id^ who feared not to make known to the people the Truth of God, as ndimQlY James Keshy and Paul Crarp ("among others ) who fuffered Martyrdom for the Truth. About this time the Carthufians were hvou^i ivov[\.EngLmd\i-\X.o Scotland ^ and had built unto them a Monafterie at Perth. In this Age the Univerfitie of Saint Andrews was kt up, chiefly by the means o( Henry Wardlaw Biftiop of the place , that in fome kinde the Schools of Learning might not bee altogether want- ing, which formerly had flouriflied for fo long a time among the Culdees , and of later yeers had quite decayed j this good did Wardlarv : As his Predecelior IViUiam Trail had built the Caftle of the fame City 5 So his Succeflbur James Ke- nedy built the old Colledge likewife,called Saint Sal'vator]\\% Colledge ■^ Patric^Grahame^thzt came after him, was the man that brought into Scotland the Title of Primate, Metropoli- tane,and Archbifhop,bv Bull oiSextm quart f4S.¥ torn the firft Preaching of the Gofpel, till Palladium , the Church oi Scot- land was happy without B'lQ^oips.F romPalladim to King Mal- colme his daj^s the Bifhops had no diftinci: DioceiTes orParifiies from King Malcolme: till Patrick^ Grahame they were without Archbilliops ^ this Title and higher rank of Authoritie did not fuccced well with Grahame , for the other Bifliops could fuffer no Superiour under the Popc,namely fo neer them, hi- therto having rcjefted all the pretentions of the Archbifliop of Terhj) The inferior Clergie alfo were afraid of the increafe of the Authority of the Man whom they conceived aufterc and rigid, and fo by the Fa^ion of the corrupt Court and difordered Clergy , poor Graljotnc loft the Title he had pro- cured, with the BencHcCj and one Shevei, got his ipoyl j and
what
The Treface.
what a fweet Bird ^/^e-z/ex, was, the Stories of that time doc fufficienrly manifeft.
Robert Blacater feeing the Bifhop of Saint Andrervs now a Metropolitane and Archbifiiop , obtains from J lexander the fixt a Bull, whereby he is made Archbifliop alfo, and hee had under him the Bifhops of GaUorvay^ Argyle and Ijles •, which new dignitie angred theArchbifiiop of Saint A?idrenpfy above thelofleof his Valfals ; for to have a Companion in equall dignity fet up befide him was hard , but he mufl: digefl the Pill, fince the Pope will have it fo.
Laftly, Da'vidBeatonhvou^t in the Title of Cardinall into Scotland^ who hath beene the onely man that hath born that Title in this Countrey, and how it did ipeed with him, the following Hiftorie will tell you.
As in the beginning of the fifteenth age the Schifme for the Papacie opened thorow Chrifiendom many mens mouthes, and bufied their Pennes to fet forth the corruption of the Church, and the Vices of the Clergie; even fo in the begin- ning of the fixteenth age , thofe that fought for the Bifliop- rick oi SdiTiUt Andrews ^ by their diffention gave occafion to many in iSfi^/Z^w^ to fpeak in publike and private of the cor- ruption of Church-mens Lives,Government and Dodrine in Scotland j which coming to the Popes ears, prefently he fent unto the King, James the fourth, a Swbrd, with the Title of TroteBor of the Faith j as if all Chriflian Princes were not in dutie bound to protect the Faith in Chrift 3 but the Faith which the Pope would have the King to protect, was his er- roneous Dodrine, and Tyrannicall Authoritie.
Some few yeers after this , Henry the eighth was declared by the Pope , Defender of the Faith , and had the Sword like- wife. James the 4 of Scotland being dead , now by the cor- rupt Courtiers the yong inconfiderate King James was made beleeve , That the conferring of this new Title by the Pope, did bring unto him a great preheminence ; yea, the Court Sy- cophants did not ftick to call it,^^ newRoyaltie^when in cffed: it was nothing elfe but a new note of his Vallallage to Rome ; and by the accepting of the Sword he did engage himl'elfto make warre for Rome j and fo he did indeed , for fundry men
h 3 after
The Treface,
after this, during his (hort Reign,were pcrrecutcd,and fiiffer- ed death tor the Truth of Chriit. This is the iccond re- markable Badge of (lavery put upon our Princes by the Pope i the former was their Anointing by him , as wee have feen before.
Here be pleafed with me to remark, That of all the Bifhops of Scotland before the Reformation , namely , fince they were made Lords of certain places , and had particular Di - ocellcs, you cannot finde one who had any care of the true' Charge of Paftor 5 for their whole ftudie was, to raife their power , and to encreafe their means for the upholding of their power: and, to efFe(5i:uate this more eafily and fully, they kept both Prince and people in dark ignorance of Gods Will and Word. But becaufc they muft feem to do fomwhat for the name fake of Bifhops , they caufed to build walls of Temples and Chappels , fet up images and pidturcs richly dreffed, to content the eyes , and brought into the Church Inftruments of Mufick , and artificial! Singing with great skill , to content the ear ; Alfo they brought in fweet per- fume and incenfe for the fmell ; fo the moft fubtill fenfes were thus fatisfied . And, to make a fhe w to keep under the fenies which are more groffe , there mufi; be fome kinde of Fafting cnjoyned to the people , and chafteneflTe to the Church-men. But how , and to what purpofe thefe two laft have been kept , all men know. But kept or not , all is one , all thefe Ordinances which the Bifhops fet up for Reli- gion, have been difcovered by Gods mercy , to be noc onely without Warant in Gods Word, but plainly contrary to the fame. Of all the B\{\\oip^ oi Scotland'in time of Refor- mation , there was onely one or two who embraced the Truth, all the reft were either profeffed perfecutors of Gods Children, and open enemies of the Truth, or elfe they were given altogether fo to fatisfie their bellies and Iufi:s,that they had no care of Religion i witncife George Creichton ( in the name of all the reft ) Biftiop ofDimJ^lI, who confeffed truly, That he had lived a long time Bifhop , and never knew any thing of the Old or New Teftament.
Impietie, Ignorance and Wickedneffe came to fuch height
among
The Treface.
among the Church-men of all ranks, degrees iind profcffi- ons, that God being, after lo long patience, in a manner vexed with them ;; did ftirre up the people to chafe thcnx from the fervice oi his Houfe , and to put others in their pla- ces , as you will fee in this following Hiftorie , wherennto I referre you. And I fliall clofe up this difcourie with one or two palfages, worthy to be known J whereby you may fee the learning of the Church-Doctors in thofe dayes, and how they did imploj^ the knowledge they had to abnfc the poor people. The firft Palfage is this : One Richard Marfiall Prior of the Blackefriers at Neivcaftk in England^ preached in Saint Andreivs , That the Fater-fiofler Hiould be faid to God onely, andnot to the Saints : The Doctors of Saint yf/^- r/rew'j offended at it ^ mzAe. 2^.0 ray frier ^ called T<?f^f/j, preach againfl: Marjhallhis Tenet ; which hee did thus, (" taking his Text out of the fift of Saint MattheWj Bleffed are the poorc in fpirit )Sccing we fay, Good day ^ Father, to any old man in the Street , we may call a Saint , Pater , who is older then any alive J And feeing they are in Heaven, we may fay to any of them, Otir Father which art in hea'ven : And feeing they are holy, we may fay to any of them , Hallorped he thy name: And fince they are in the Kingdom of Heaven, we ma^^ fay, Ithy kingdom come : And feeing their will is Gods Will , we may fay to any of them , Thy will be done. But when the Gray Fryer preaching came to the fourth Petition , Gi<ve us this clay our dayly bread, he washiflcd at , andfowascon- ftrained not onely to leave off Preaching , but alfo to leave the City for lliamc. Yet among the Do6i:ors then aflcm- bled, the Difpute continued about the Pater; for fome would have it faid to Godformaliter , and to the Saints materia/iter , others,to God principaliter^to the Ssiints tninus principal/ter , others J primario to God ^ feamdario to the Saints j others would have it faid to God taking it firicic, and to the Saints taking it late : Notwithftanding all thefe Diftin6i:ions , the Doctors could not agree upon the bufineile. A fellow, cal- led Tw;/, fervant to the Sub-Prior of Saint Andrervs , one day perceiving his Mafter much troubled with fome bufi- neffe, and as he conceived weighty ^ laid to him, Sir, whai
k
i
The T re face.
is the matter of this your trouble ? The Mafter anfwered ^ We- cannot agree about the faying of the Pater. The fellow replied, T'o jvhomfiould it befaid , but to God alone ? The Mafter an- fwcrs again, Whatjhall 7ve do then with the Saints ? The fel- low duplies, Giz/e them A\c's andCrcdo's enough ^ that may fuffice then/j and too well too. If this was good Divinity, God knows. The fecond pafTage like wife is very well worth the knowing, and to this purpofe very fit, which fell out about the fame time with the former, that is, about the firfl beginning of the Reformation. A little before the death of George Wifchard, there came home from Rome 3. fellow charged with very many holy Reliques, and new things of great vertue, as he gave out j but the things were not to be had, nor any benefit by the fight or touching of them,with- out moneys. Now upon a holy day,ln a village necr Had/ng- ton^ this RomifhPedler did open his pack, to try if he could vent any of his Wares among the Countrey people. Among other commodities , the good Merchant did fhewunto the people there was a Bell of much value, by reafon of its great vertue ; which he gave out to be this. That if any two parties had any difference, which could not be othcrwife de- cided but by Oath, the truth of the Oath was to be made known by this Bell : for ( faid he) when any one fweareth, laying his hand on this Bell, if he fwear true , he fhall after the Oath fworn remove his hand eafily from from the Bell, •without any change to the Bell : But if he that fweareth having his hand upon the Bell fweareth falfly, his hand will ftick to the Bell, and the Bell will rive afundcr. Now we muft tellyou , That already there was a rift in the Bell, which this Romipete did affirm had happened by a falfe Oath of one that had fworn having his hand upon the Belli At this tale the poor fimple people were aftonifhed, and fell in admiration. But among them was one Fermer^ who had fome light of the Truth of God •■, he drawing neer theRo- "^ mifli Merchant, defired to have the Bell in his hand , to fee it neerly. This defire was granted unto him. Then he takes the Bell , and looks on it , expreffing great admiration at , firft 3 but immediately thcreafter,he asked at the Romipete, :
if^
The Preface,
it he would Tuffcr him to iwear in prefcncc of the company, having his hand upon the Bell , for he had minde to take an Oath upon a weighty bufinc/ie. The man could not rcfule him. Then faid the Farmer to the company , Friends, before I fwear, you fee the rift that is already in the Bell, and how big it is , and that I have nothing upon my fingers tomake themftick to thcBeil. With this hefhcweth them his hand open : then laying his hand upon the Bell, he did fwcar this ; Jfxvear^ in the prcfeitce of the li'ving God , and be- fore thefe good people , 7 hat the Pope of Kome is AntichriHj and that all the rabble of his Clergie^Cardinalls^ j4rchbiJhopSjBifjopSy Triejis^Monhj^ with the rest of the crerv, are Locttsis, come from heUy to delude the people^atid to rvithdrarv them from God : Mov:~ o'ver^l promife^they will return to hell. Incontinent he lifted up his hand from the Bell before them all, and faid, See^ friends, that I ha've lifted up my hand freely from the Bell , and looh^ mito the rift in the Bell^ it is one and th^fame , rvithout change , this fhewethj according ta thefayiftg of this Merchant , That I ha've fwern truth. Then this poor fellow went away, and never was more feen in Scotland^ nor any other of his kinde , who brought Reliqucs, or other like toyes from Kome.
Many more of this kinde might be alleadged, but let thefe fuffice, to demonftrate the miferable ignorance from which God in his mercy hath delivered us j To whom be praife and glory, for this and all other benefits.
With this I end the Preface , that you may come to the i^iftory it fclf.
TatricJ^
e
•n-
The Preface.
1'y Atrkl^ Hamilton W2is three and twenty yeers of Age when he fuffered. After his death, his brother Germ^; y^^;/ej'H^wi//<7«of Le-z^iw/o;/ wasaccufedlikewiie ; but the Kins; did caufe to convey him fecretly out of the way. AIC& Katherme Hatmlton, his fifter , was accufed , and being que- ftioned upon Works ; fhe anfwered , That WTje rpos fa- i/edbyhis worl^. Then John Spencer fpake to her of the works o( congriw and concligm ; to which fiie anfwered, TVorkJyerCj worhjhere j what kjnde of working is all thk ? no works can fai/ erne J butChriWs. At this, the King, being prefent , laughed , and after conveyed her away fecretly. One Henry ForeU^ a Monk of the Order of Beiiet and Collet^ as they fpoke then, was alfo accufed of herefie j but with- out fufficient proof Theji he was fent to Walter Ange^^ (^whom Buchanan, in his Satyre againft the Gray Friers, cal- led Langius ) to be confefled : La?tgiu9 having asked him, by way of confeflion, What he thought of Patrick Hamilton > He anfwered , That he was a good rnan , and that his Articles ^vere to be jnatntained. Lange difcovers this fimple mans con- feflion i and this confeflion being taken for a fufficient proof, the poor man was condemned to be burnt,and fo he was, im- mediately after they had degraded him, 'according to their Cuftom. As they were leading him to the Execution-place, he complained of the Fryer who had betrayed him, and faid, Letnowantruji the falfe Fryers, after me; they are dejpifers of God, and deceifers of men. They burnt him at the North Style of the Abbey Church in Saint Andrews, that the Here- ticks of Jnous might fee the fire, p One Andrew Olipham accufed with heat J^^/f^r Mill, an ^55"' ancient man, and formerly a Priefl:, and faid to him , being at his devotion, Rife up, Sir Walter. He anfwered, when he had ended his prayer, My name is Walter : I ha'vebeen too long one of the Popes Knights ( for all Priefls are Sirs. ) An- drew Oliphant faid to him, Thou l^eepejl my Lords too long here, therefore haUe. He anfwered , J muBobey Cod before men.
Being
l^he Treface,
Being queitioned by Olipha^tt concerning Priefts Marriage, he aniwcred. It was Cods OrclinMce , Thai e<very man that had ^9tot the gift of chajiity, Jheuld marry : but you abhor it^ 'vowing ichafiity^ which yon caiin<it l^ep^ but tak^ other mens yt/i'ves and- . daughters. Then, being asked if there were not (even Sa- traincnts , he aniwcred , Let we ha^vetryo , take you there^ to your fel'ves. Being asked about the Malic-, heaniwered, A Lordfendethy ojidcalleth majty to hh dinnsr ; and^vhenall is ready ^ he caufeth ri»g the Bell y the gueUs come into the hall i l^itt he tnraifig his bacI{jipon them y eateth allhiwfvlf : Andfod(P ' you. Then he added , The Scripture is not to be underjiood carnally ; Chrtsi hath put an cna to all caritall Sacrifices^ by offer- iug once for all his body upon the Crojfe. Many other Queries were put to him, to which he aniwered ftoutly. Being de- fired to recant,he told them, That he was corn, and not chaff. 1 willy faidhe, neither be blown by the winde ^ nor bruifed with the Flail , but I will abide both : I will not recant the Truth. Beinsj commanded to go to the ftakc by Oliphantyhc anfwer- ed , By the Law of God I ain forbidden to put hand on my felf therefore put thou me to it with thy hands j and then thoujhalt fee my refolution. After he had faid his Prayer, he gat leave, with difficulty, to fpeak to the people ftanding by : In his Speech he told them , That although he was a great finner^ yet it was for GodsTruthjContained in his Ifordofthe Old and NeivTeJlamcnt^ that hefufredyand thatGodyin the abtmdance of his mercy towards himy did honour himfo far , as to make him feal his Truth with his lifey among other of his Ser'vants. He added, Dear friends^ as you would efcape et email death , be no more feduced with lies cf Arch -bifljopSy BifhopSy AbbotSyPriorSyPrieilsyMonksy FrierSy andtheresioftheAntichriflian rabble y but onely truTi in God. This was the laft man that died for Religion in Scotland ; And by his death was given the very dead blow to Popery j for by his death the people of all ranks and conditions were fo moved, that they made open profcffion of theTruth^witliT out any more dallying i and prefcntly was, upon this occafi-, on, made a Covenant or Bond of mutuall defencc,To defend one another by Arms, againft the Tyranny of the Bifliops, and their Parties.
'i" "^^ ^ fy ^' ^ fff* ''i'' ^^' ''i* '^ *x *"^ *s.^ "^ '^k' ''i'" *^ ^^ *
Errata,
T He Life. Page i. line?, f/e/f he. P,f. 1. 38. r.ordinarily. P. <?. I. 24. r.would. Prefiu: P. 4. 1. 13. r. Author, P. 37. 1. y-. d. in, P.39. 1. 11,13. r. ths Kingdom was , I. ij-. t. ever, P. 40. l.iO. r. any part, P.45. 1. 8. r grief.
Thefrfi Bool^. P.4. 1.43.r.he did, p.5^.1.31. r.drowned, p. 37. 1. 7. r. ufed not, p.59. 1.6. r. invio- lably^ 1.7.r. worthy, p.7tf.l.47 d.from, p j8. 1.35. d. not, p. 73.I.14. r. Kitching, 1.4y.',r. defigne, p. 17. 1.48. adde, they call it, wrote to, p. 104. 1.44.1. feenfo, p.105.1.315. r. did, 1. 37- r, him for, p. 109. 1.9. r. never fo, p. i j. 1.3<^. r. onely.
Thcfeconi Boek. ,P. 114. 1. 1°. r. ihefe, p. 134. 1. 19. r. with, 1. 59 r. were , 1.4(?. r. their, p.144. l.ii. r.we, p. 147. 1.17. r. bondmaide, p.iji.I.ifi.r.affifters, p.155.1.47. r. concur, p. 157. 1. 33. r. alf©. 1.37.r. is true, p.ijS I.31. r. fuch time, p.165. 1.17. r. firftthe, p. 16^.1.44. r. without, p. i£(?. 1.16. r. his, p. 1^8. 1.1. r. nor, p. 171.I.43. r. thereof is,l. 44. r. moved, p. 174. 1.38.r. is not, p. 17^. 1.3. r. as well, p.179. l.i. r.jult,l.i9. r.perfons, p.190. 1.4. r. to fay, p. 198. 1. ip.r.to us by her, 1 zi. r. as we that be, IntheMargin, p.zor.r. heart. P.z05. I. 31. r. many, p. zoj. 1. 31. r. offended not, p. Jio. 1. 28. r. uncertain, 1. 30. r. uncertain, 1. 39. in tbeir.
The third Booi^, P. 214 1. 19- r- at, p, 41^. 1. 15. r. did God, p. 227. 1.17. r. declare, p. 218. 1. 34. X. perfwademe of, p.22j. I.2, r. in you, p.230. 1.14. r.at the.p.143. ^•-^- d. which, p.244.1.32. r. wife, p.248. 1.18. r.lTiall not, p. 249. l.u.r. their parts, p.ijy. I.20. defrauded, p. i^i.l.z^.r. reftrained, p. 264. 1. 1 4- !■• as if. p.itf^. 1.47. r. as, p.271.1.1?. r. we, I.18. r. not to, 1.48.r. which they ,p. 174. 1.23. r. fouleleffe, p.182. 1. 21. r. upon, p.284. 1.24. r. if any man, 1.23. r. would put, p. 288. l.i.r. drops, p. 297. 1.3. r. hath,p.3oo.l.4r. peace kept.
The fourth Botk, P. 304. 1.24. d. the, p. 30j.l.i9.d.muft,p, 306. 1. 1. r. fuifeitwet, p.'307.1.i9. r.as, p.3ii.l4o.r. aswell, p.312.1.2. r.authority,p.3i3.1.i2. r.he, 1. 59. r. fliall onely, 1. 47. T.is, p.3irf. 3 J. r. might not,p.3i7. I9. r. whither, p. 319 I.15. r. concurrc.l.20.r. ihe,p.5ii, I34, r. charge, p. 324. 1.28. r. meats, p. 52^, 1.7.r. modified,p.327. 1.59. r.fwomen, p. 3^2. 1 3. r. dearth, l.y. r.Hiany, P.3J9.I.I. r,her,p.3^6.1.i2.r.within,l.rp.r.dayes, p3g9.1.i4.r. unlawfull, p.373.1.36. r.if the, p.j75.1.32.r. all through, I. 34. r. fins, p.3S(?. 1.3^. r. death, p. 387. 1. 1. r. which, 1. 4;. r. what, p. 39i.l.2j. r. willfay, p.393. 1.4. r. misknow, p.397. l-j-r. this, l.io. r. the.
The fifth Book, P.413. 1. J9. r. beft, p. 414. 1. i7.r. to,p. 416. 1, j. i. celerity, p. 411. jg. r.asyoir, p. 436. 1.!^. r. fooliflicagots, p.437-l-7-r.tofuch, p.447. l.r- ii:/f was,!.!?, r. faying.
Jffcndix, P. 7. 1.43. r. ye, p. 19. 1.6. r. refult, 1. to. world, p. 60. 1.44. r. Miftrefle, p. 78. 1, i J. r. time, p.79. 1.7. r. Jffrit , p^g.99. I. i.r.whole, 1. n. r.finall, p.ioi.l.41. r.puniflied, p. io6. 1. i.r. all, p.iii. 1.17. r. him,p.ii2.1. 14. r, perceived.
THE
Lib.T.
Annd
THE
H I S T O
I E
OF THE
li^E F 0 '\^M A T I 0 :Hi Within the Realme of Scotland^ from the
veer 1422. Till the 20. day of Aitguji. 1567.
TFiE FI RSr S 0 O K.
N the Records of cLif^orv is found mention of one whofe name was ^iiOTt'^ Reshj^ an EngliOimanby Birth, Scholler to ^M'///f • He was ace u fed as an Heretike, by one Lawrence Ltndors in Scotland, and burnt for having iaid , That the Pope was not the Vicar of Chrift-, and that a man of wicked life was not to be acknowledged for Pope. This fell out. Anno 1422. Farther our Chronicles make mention. That in the dayesof King ^-ames the firfl, abouttheycer of God 1431. was deprehended in the Univerfity of Saint Anirmes^ one named I'atd Craw , a Scheme , who was accufed of Herefie, before fuch as then were called Doftors of Theologic. His accufation confifted principally, That he followed ^o/m Hi;s andW/ck- lif, in the opinion of the Sacram^ent •, Who denied that the fubftance of Bread and Wine were changed by vertue of any words • Or that Con- felTion (liould be made to Priefts •, or yet Prayers to Saints departed : While that God gave him grace to rellrt them, and not to conftnt to their impiety^ He was committed tothefecular Judge (for our Billiops fol- lowing P/'/^^i?, who both did condemne, and alfo vvafli his hands) who condemned him to the fire, in the which he wasconlumcd in thefaid City of Saint Amir civ s^:xho\M the time afore written. And to declare them- ielvestobe the generation of Satan, who from the beginning hath been enemy to the Truth , and he that defirech the fame to be hid from the knowledge of men , They put a ball of Braffe in his mouth, to the end lie fhonld not give Confcffion of his Faith to the people-, neither yet that they fliouldundcrftand the defence which he had againft their unjufl ac- cufation and condemnation. Both thefe godly men Res6y and Cratv, fuffercd Marty rdome for Chrid: his Truth, by fJenry War d- tarn , Bifliop of Saint Andrcrvesy whom the Prelates place amongft their Worthies.
jS El?:
Rol/ert the
third.
14220
1431.
Fmil Ci'^n^ burnt with a ball of Braflff in hii raouih.
^ The itflorj of the %eformatton Lib.i.
&. , f^ Bu:ch:utheir wicked pradife did not greatly advance chtir Kingdom of
darkncfTe, neither yet was it able utterly to exdnguiOi the Truech ^ foral-
^^'^■'"^' bcit, that in the dayes of King ^.uns the fccond and third, we finde fmall
oueftion of Religion moved within this Realm •, yet in the time of King
^■Awc< A.. f/-^wi'i the fourth, mthefixth yeerof his Reign, and in the twenty two
1 Ao A. yt^<^i' o^ l^Js age, which was in the ycer of God 1494. were fummoned
before the King and his great CounfeU, hy Robert Biucatcr^ called, Arch-
3_o pcrfonsac- bifliopoi cLfgow : The number of thirty perions remaining, fome in
r'^'M^rofer r i<)li:S'i^n'-'.rt, \omtin Kin^flfle^znd^omt'mCitnnwghame : Among whom-
of tlie Tru ih were George Cimpk-lloi d'fnok, jd^m Re^di' of Burskymfig, ^ohn Carnfbdloi
at tbc firiH-.;- jsiavm-^ls ^ t^^indrcw Sclhirv o^ Fclkcinac ^ HcUfie Ch.ilmer ^ Lady Fokell/e ,
tZlvlt if'^^^^^ Ch.!mkrs,U6y Stairs.
werecaiicd in Thefc Were called the Lollards ot i\'j/f,they wereaccufed of the Articles our ilmd Lnt following, as wc havc reccived them out of the Regifter of Ghfgoiv. ^ ' A, ^"n '" 1 . Fn'jl, That Images are not to be had in the Kyrk, mr to be wor(])'pied. in tills ihni 1 . n hat the Reliqucs of Shunts are mt to be ivor(}}/ppecl.
named Lo.u' , • rj^^^^^ L^iv^ cT OrdiThiriccs ofwm.'var'i from time to time. and that by the Pope_. the firirrtich- 4. That it is not lawiull to hght for the Fatth, nor to defend the TiVth by the ets of the S wotd, if \ve bc not driven to it by ncccffKy. which is above all Law. other'nam«^^ V '^ ^Jt chnji gave powcr to Peter, asalfo to the other ApoftIes,W«c/rtf tiicy iiad dfe- tbc Pope his prcter.dcd SHCce(joiir, to hitide and loo(e within the Kjrk. ■•.: wh . tc, f e the ■ ^ j-jj^^^ chrifl ordained no Priefls to confecrate as they do in the Romifh Chtir<;h,
Hil>'jryof the ,. '-> J j J j j .'
jlbi^ols, Lib. I . thejc 7nmy jeers . ■
up.'i w here y . jhut after the Cenfe^ratfon irt the Oiiaffe^ there remains Bread ^and that there yj^^^J^ll^.^isnotthenaturallBodjofchr}(i. " ' . '
ons, and C.J- 8 .That Tythes ought not to be ^iven to Ecclefiafiicall men, as they were then called ^ lumnics wif to wit,n'/^<?//y,but a part to the poor,widow,or;PVphans,&,other pious ufes. tTctc poor' 9 • '^^^^ Chriji at his ^cming hath taken away power from Kings to ]tidge. This
people. Article we doubt not to be the venomous accufation of the enemies,
^ "a^T? '"^h "^^^^^^ pradife hath ever been to make the dodlrine of Jcfus Chrift fufpecl wci6.'Artuk. to Kings and Rulers : As if God thereby would deprive them of their Royall Seats •, While on the contrary nothing oonfirms the power of Ma- giftratts more then doth Gods Truth. But to the Articles.
10. That cveryfaithfitlc wan and women tsaPriefi.^ in that fence that they are called by the Apoftlc Saint ^o^w,o4'/'c^. 1.6. 5.10. 20.6. Tne Pope did 1 1 • That the Un^ion of Kings, ceafed at the coming of Chrift •, and truely it bethink i.itn- -^vas but latc fiucc Kings were anointed , namely in Scothndyfor Edganv.^f fubica Princes thefirfi anointed King in Scotland, about the yeer 1 1 00. BfitohiQ), by 12. 'That the Pope is not the fucce(four of Vacr, but ivhere he faid, Gebehinde
'en 7/unai"" "^^ ^^^^"- "
vente unc I J . fhat the Popc deceives the people by his BulSy and his Tndulgefjces .
14. That the Maije profiicth not the fouls^ who in thefe dayes were faidtok in Purgatory.
1 5 . That the Pope and the Biflwps deceive the people by their Pardons.
• 16. That Indulgences ought not to be granted to fght againH the Saracens.
I J. That the Pope exalts himfelf againft God^ anh above God.
18. That the Pope cannot remit the pains of Purgatory.
ig. That the bkjpngs of the Bijlops (of dumb DogaheyPmld have beenflitcd) Are of no value. ' 20. That
Lib. 1 . ofB^igion in the "P^atme of S 'otland.
20. TljAtthe Exccfmnunicationof the Kjrk is not to be feared^ if there bend Ani-jr)
2 1 . Tbdt />/ no cAfc it is iAwfiillto [wear, to wit, idly, raflily,and in vain. ^ •^^
22. That Vrieils rM'^ hsvcti^!Ves,/iccordii7gtothc conflttiitionof the La\v^ and of the Primitive Chriftian Chuj-ch.
i 3 . That true Chrijlians receive tfie hodf of ^cfn-s Chrifi every day by Faith. 24. That after Matrimtf/y be contraffed, and confummate ^ the Kyrk may make rio Divorcement.
2 5 . That Exccmmimicatton hindes ;?o?,if un jufL
26. That the Pope forgives iiot f,ns, but onely God.
27. That Faithflwtiidfiot be given to M/racles^io fiich namely as the Romifli were then, and' arc to this day.
28. That we flwitld not fra-j to theglsriom Virgin Mary, but to Cedonely, fincc ' Althtughtbt heoncly hears us, and can help us. Tmpkbefaa
-> g. That rve are no mere bound to pray in the Kwk then in other places '*". ^J}''-^" f,"'"
3 o . That we are not bound to beleeve all thdt Doctors of the A irk have written, an mt foikdtt 7 1 . That fuch as wor[l)ip the Sacrament in the Kyrk (we fuppofc the Sacra- ''"r'"" <«?.'«
ment ofthe Altav ) commits Idolatry. r,otfimu(hl:,he
3 z . That the Tope is the head of the Kirk of